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गुलामगिरी: एक बेहद जरूरी किताब
http://rejectmaal.blogspot.in/2009/11/blog-post.html
| Title | गुलामगिरी : दासता / लेखक, ज्योतिराव गोविन्दराव फुले ; अनुवादक, सुशीला भारती |
| Title romanization (TRVR) | Gulāmagirī : dāsatā / lekhaka, Jyotirāva Govindarāva Phule ; anuvādikā, Suśīla Bhāratī |
| Title alternative (VTD) | Gulamgiri (dasta) |
| Title alternative (VTD) | Gulāmagirī |
| Authors | Phule, Jyotirāva Govindarāva |
| Authors | Bhāratī, Suśīla |
| Publisher | विश्वभारति प्रकाशन |
| Publisher romanization | Viśvabhāratī Prakāśana |
| Issue Date | 1994 |
| Issue date romanization | 1994 |
| Pages | 97 p. |
| Size | 18 cm |
| Title Language Code | hin |
| Text Language Code | hin |
| LCSH | Caste -- India |
| LCSH | Dalit -- India |
| NDC | 362.25 |
| Note | In Hindi |
| Type (NII) | Book |
| Type Local | C-DATS図書 |
| Type local | 81 |
| Classification | 書誌 |
| URI | http://hdl.handle.net/10108/3681 |
| NC ID | BA64007127 |
| Call Number | HUB/I2/522307 |
| Book ID | 0000522307 |
| fullTextURL | http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/3681/1/0001H000.djvu |
| fullTextURL | http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/3681/2/0002H000.djvu |
| fullTextURL | http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/3681/3/0003M001.djvu |
| fullTextURL | http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/3681/4/0004M002.djvu |
♦ शेष नारायण सिंह
महात्मा गांधी की किताब हिंद स्वराज की शताब्दी के वर्ष में कई स्तरों पर उस किताब की चर्चा हो रही है, जो जायज भी है। महात्मा जी की इसी किताब ने सत्याग्रह और अहिंसा को राजनीतिक विजय के एक हथियार के रूप में विकसित करने की प्रेरणा दी और 1920 से 1947 तक की भारत की राजनीतिक यात्रा के पाथेय के रूप में हिंद स्वराज में बताये गये मंत्र अमर हो गये।
दरअसल हिंद स्वराज एक ऐसी किताब है, जिसने भारत के सामाजिक राजनीतिक जीवन को बहुत गहराई तक प्रभावित किया। बीसवीं सदी के उथल पुथल भरे भारत के इतिहास में जिन पांच किताबों का सबसे ज़्यादा योगदान है, हिंद स्वराज का नाम उसमें सर्वोपरि है। इसके अलावा जिन चार किताबों ने भारत के राजनीतिक सामाजिक चिंतन को प्रभावित किया उनके नाम हैं, भीमराव अंबेडकर की जाति का विनाश मार्क्स और एंगेल्स की कम्युनिस्ट मैनिफेस्टो, ज्योतिराव फुले की गुलामगिरी और वीडी सावरकर की हिंदुत्व। अंबेडकर, मार्क्स और सावरकर के बारे में तो उनकी राजनीतिक विचारधारा के उत्तराधिकारियों की वजह से हिंदी क्षेत्रों में जानकारी है। क्योंकि मार्क्स का दर्शन कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी का, सावरकर का दर्शन बीजेपी का और अंबेडकर का दर्शन बहुजन समाज पार्टी का आधार है लेकिन 19 वीं सदी के क्रांतिकारी चितंक और वर्णव्यवस्था को गंभीर चुनौती देने वाले ज्योतिराव फुले के बारे में जानकारी की कमी है। ज्योतिराव गोविंदराव फुले का जन्म पुणे में हुआ था और उनके पिता पेशवा के राज्य में बहुत सम्माननीय व्यक्ति थे। लेकिन ज्योतिराव फुले अलग किस्म के इंसान थे। उन्होंने दलितों के उत्थान के लिए जो काम किया उसकी तुलना किसी से नहीं की जा सकती। उनका जन्म 1827 में पुणे में हुआ था, माता पिता संपन्न थे लेकिन महात्मा फुले हमेशा ही गरीबों के पक्षधर बने रहे। उनकी महानता के कुछ खास कार्यों का ज़िक्र करना ज़रूरी है।
1848 में शूद्रातिशूद्र लड़कियों के लिए एक स्कूल की स्थापना कर दी थी। आजकल जिन्हें दलित कहा जाता है, महात्मा फुले के लेखन में उन्हें शूद्रातिशूद्र कहा गया है। 1848 में दलित लड़कियों के लिए स्कूल खोलना अपने आप में एक क्रांतिकारी कदम है। क्योंकि इसके 9 साल बाद बंबई विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना हुई। उन्होंने 1848 में ही मार्क्स और एंगेल्स ने कम्युनिस्ट मैनिफेस्टो का प्रकाशन किया था। 1848 में यह स्कूल खोलकर महात्मा फुले ने उस वक्त के समाज के ठेकेदारों को नाराज़ कर दिया था। उनके अपने पिता गोविंदराव जी भी उस वक्त के सामंती समाज के बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति थे। दलित लड़कियों के स्कूल के मुद्दे पर बहुत झगड़ा हुआ लेकिन ज्योतिराव फुले ने किसी की न सुनी। नतीजतन उन्हें 1849 में घर से निकाल दिया गया। सामाजिक बहिष्कार का जवाब महात्मा फुले ने 1851 में दो और स्कूल खोलकर दिया। जब 1868 में उनके पिताजी की मृत्यु हो गयी तो उन्होंने अपने परिवार के पीने के पानी वाले तालाब को अछूतों के लिए खोल दिया। 1873 में महात्मा फुले ने सत्यशोधक समाज की स्थापना की और इसी साल उनकी पुस्तक गुलामगिरी का प्रकाशन हुआ। दोनों ही घटनाओं ने पश्चिमी और दक्षिण भारत के भावी इतिहास और चिंतन को बहुत प्रभावित किया।
महात्मा फुले के चिंतन के केंद्र में मुख्य रूप से धर्म और जाति की अवधारणा है। वे कभी भी हिंदू धर्म शब्द का प्रयोग नहीं करते। वे उसे ब्राह्मणवाद के नाम से ही संबोधित करते हैं। उनका विश्वास था कि अपने एकाधिकार को स्थापित किये रहने के उद्देश्य से ही ब्राह्मणों ने श्रुति और स्मृति का आविष्कार किया था। इन्हीं ग्रंथों के जरिये ब्राह्मणों ने वर्ण व्यवस्था को दैवी रूप देने की कोशिश की। महात्मा फुले ने इस विचारधारा को पूरी तरह ख़ारिज़ कर दिया। फुले को विश्वास था कि ब्राह्मणवाद एक ऐसी धार्मिक व्यवस्था थी जो ब्राह्मणों की प्रभुता की उच्चता को बौद्घिक और तार्किक आधार देने के लिए बनायी गयी थी। उनका हमला ब्राह्मण वर्चस्ववादी दर्शन पर होता था। उनका कहना था कि ब्राह्मणवाद के इतिहास पर गौर करें तो समझ में आ जाएगा कि यह शोषण करने के उद्देश्य से हजारों वर्षों में विकसित की गयी व्यवस्था है। इसमें कुछ भी पवित्र या दैवी नहीं है। न्याय शास्त्र में सत की जानकारी के लिए जिन 16 तरकीबों का वर्णन किया गया है, वितंडा उसमें से एक है। महात्मा फुले ने इसी वितंडा का सहारा लेकर ब्राह्मणवादी वर्चस्व को समाप्त करने की लड़ाई लड़ी। उन्होंने अवतार कल्पना का भी विरोध किया। उन्होंने विष्णु के विभिन्न अवतारों का बहुत ही ज़ोरदार विरोध किया। कई बार उनका विरोध ऐतिहासिक या तार्किक कसौटी पर खरा नहीं उतरता लेकिन उनकी कोशिश थी कि ब्राह्मणवाद ने जो कुछ भी पवित्र या दैवी कह कर प्रचारित कर रखा है उसका विनाश किया जाना चाहिए। उनकी धारणा थी कि उसके बाद ही न्याय पर आधारित व्यवस्था कायम की जा सकेगी। ब्राह्मणवादी धर्म के ईश्वर और आर्यों की उत्पत्ति के बारे में उनके विचार को समझने के लिए ज़रूरी है कि यह ध्यान में रखा जाए कि महात्मा फुले इतिहास नहीं लिख रहे थे। वे सामाजिक न्याय और समरसता के युद्घ की भावी सेनाओं के लिए बीजक लिख रहे थे।
महात्मा फुले ने कर्म विपाक के सिद्घांत को भी ख़ारिज़ कर दिया था, जिसमें जन्म जन्मांतर के पाप पुण्य का हिसाब रखा जाता है। उनका कहना था कि यह सोच जातिव्यवस्था को बढ़ावा देती है इसलिए इसे फौरन ख़ारिज़ किया जाना चाहिए। फुले के लेखन में कहीं भी पुनर्जन्म की बात का खंडन या मंडन नहीं किया गया है। यह अजीब लगता है क्योंकि पुनर्जन्म का आधार तो कर्म विपाक ही है।
महात्मा फुले ने जाति को उत्पादन के एक औज़ार के रूप में इस्तेमाल करने और ब्राह्मणों के आधिपत्य को स्थापित करने की एक विधा के रूप में देखा। उनके हिसाब से जाति भारतीय समाज की बुनियाद का काम भी करती थी और उसके ऊपर बने ढांचे का भी। उन्होंने शूद्रातिशूद्र राजा, बालिराज और विष्णु के वामनावतार के संघर्ष का बार-बार ज़िक्र किया है। ऐसा लगता है कि उनके अंदर यह क्षमता थी कि वह सारे इतिहास की व्याख्या बालि राज-वामन संघर्ष के संदर्भ में कर सकते थे।
स्थापित व्यवस्था के खिलाफ महात्मा फुले के हमले बहुत ही ज़बरदस्त थे। वे एक मिशन को ध्यान में रखकर काम कर रहे थे। उन्होंने इस बात के भी सूत्र दिये, जिसके आधार पर शूद्रातिशूद्रों का अपना धर्म चल सके। वे एक क्रांतिकारी सामाजिक परिवर्तन की बात कर रहे थे। ब्राह्मणवाद के चातुर्वर्ण्य व्यवस्था को उन्होंने ख़ारिज़ किया, ऋग्वेद के पुरुष सूक्त का, जिसके आधार पर वर्णव्यवस्था की स्थापना हुई थी, को फर्ज़ी बताया और द्वैवर्णिक व्यवस्था की बात की।
महात्मा फुले एक समतामूलक और न्याय पर आधारित समाज की बात कर रहे थे इसलिए उन्होंने अपनी रचनाओं में किसानों और खेतिहर मजदूरों के लिए विस्तृत योजना का उल्लेख किया है। पशुपालन, खेती, सिंचाई व्यवस्था सबके बारे में उन्होंने विस्तार से लिखा है। गरीबों के बच्चों की शिक्षा पर उन्होंने बहुत ज़ोर दिया। उन्होंने आज के 150 साल पहले कृषि शिक्षा के लिए विद्यालयों की स्थापना की बात की। जानकार बताते हैं कि 1875 में पुणे और अहमदनगर जिलों का जो किसानों का आंदोलन था, वह महात्मा फुले की प्रेरणा से ही हुआ था। इस दौर के समाज सुधारकों में किसानों के बारे में विस्तार से सोच-विचार करने का रिवाज़ नहीं था लेकिन महात्मा फुले ने इस सबको अपने आंदोलन का हिस्सा बनाया।
स्त्रियों के बारे में महात्मा फुले के विचार क्रांतिकारी थे। मनु की व्यवस्था में सभी वर्णों की औरतें शूद्र वाली श्रेणी में गिनी गयी थीं। लेकिन फुले ने स्त्री पुरुष को बराबर समझा। उन्होंने औरतों की आर्य भट्ट यानी ब्राह्मणवादी व्याख्या को ग़लत बताया।
फुले ने विवाह प्रथा में बड़े सुधार की बात की। प्रचलित विवाह प्रथा के कर्मकांड में स्त्री को पुरुष के अधीन माना जाता था लेकिन महात्मा फुले का दर्शन हर स्तर पर गैरबराबरी का विरोध करता था। इसीलिए उन्होंने पंडिता रमाबाई के समर्थन में लोगों को लामबंद किया, जब उन्होंने धर्म परिवर्तन किया और ईसाई बन गयीं। वे धर्म परिवर्तन के समर्थक नहीं थे लेकिन महिला द्वारा अपने फ़ैसले खुद लेने के सैद्घांतिक पक्ष का उन्होंने समर्थन किया।
महात्मा फुले की किताब गुलामगिरी बहुत कम पृष्ठों की एक किताब है, लेकिन इसमें बताये गये विचारों के आधार पर पश्चिमी और दक्षिणी भारत में बहुत सारे आंदोलन चले। उत्तर प्रदेश में चल रही दलित अस्मिता की लड़ाई के बहुत सारे सूत्र गुलामगिरी में ढूंढ़े जा सकते है। आधुनिक भारत महात्मा फुले जैसी क्रांतिकारी विचारक का आभारी है।
(शेष नारायण सिंह। मूलतः इतिहास के विद्यार्थी। पत्रकार। प्रिंट, रेडियो और टेलिविज़न में काम किया। 1992 से अब तक तेज़ी से बदल रहे राजनीतिक व्यवहार पर अध्ययन करने के साथ साथ विभिन्न मीडिया संस्थानों में नौकरी की। महात्मा गांधी पर काम किया। अब स्वतंत्र रूप से लिखने-पढ़ने के काम में लगे हैं। उनसे sheshji@gmail.com पर संपर्क किया जा सकता है।)
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मनुष्यों को उनके हक का एहसास कराने वाले समाज सुधारक =महात्मा फुले
Jyotirao Phule
| Other names | Mahatma Phule |
|---|---|
| Born | April 11, 1827 Katgun, Satara, British India (present-day Maharashtra, India) |
| Died | November 28, 1890 (aged 63) Pune, British India (present-day Maharashtra, India) |
| Era | 19th century philosophy |
| Main interests | Ethics, religion, humanism |
| Influenced by[show] | |
| Influenced[show] | |
| Website | http://www.mahatmaphule.com/ |
Mahatma Jyotirao Govindrao Phule (Marathi: जोतिराव गोविंदराव फुले) (April 11, 1827 – November 28, 1890), also known as Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was an activist, thinker, social reformer, writer, philosopher, theologist, scholar, editor and revolutionary from Maharashtra, India in the nineteenth century. Jotiba Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule were pioneers of women's education in India. His remarkable influence was apparent in fields like education, agriculture, caste system, women and widow upliftment and removal of untouchability. He is most known for his efforts to educate women and the lower castes as well as the masses. He, after educating his wife, opened first a school for girls in India in August 1848. In September, 1873, Jotirao, along with his followers, formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) with the main objective of liberating the Bahujans, Shudras and Ati-Shudras and protecting them from exploitation and atrocities. For his fight to attain equal rights for peasants and the lower caste and his contributions to the field of education, he is regarded as one of the most important figures of the Social Reform Movement in Maharashtra. Dhananjay Keer, his biographer, notes him as "the father of Indian social revolution".[1]
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Early life
Jotirao Govindrao Phule was born in Satara district of Maharastra in a family belonging to Mali (Fulmali) caste, caste perceived to be inferior caste by certain sections of the society. His father, Govindrao, was a vegetable vendor. Originally Jotirao's family, known as Gorhays, came from Katgun, a village in Taluka- Khatav, District- Satara. His grandfather Shetiba Gorhay settled down in Poona. Since Jotirao's father and two uncles served as florists under the last of the Peshwas, they came to be known as 'Phules'. (Reference- P.G. Patil, Collected Works of Mahatma Jotirao Phule, Vol-II, published by Education department, Govt. of Maharashtra). His mother died when he was 9 months old. After completing his primary education Jotirao had to leave school and help his father by working on the family's farm. He was married at the age of 12. His intelligence was recognised by a Muslim and a Christian neighbor, who persuaded his father to allow Jotirao to attend the local Scottish Mission's High School, which he completed in 1847. The turning point in Jotiba's life was in year 1848, when he was insulted by family members of his Brahmin friend, a bridegroom for his participation in the marriage procession, an auspicious occasion. Jotiba was suddenly facing the divide created by the caste system.[2] Influenced by Thomas Paine books Rights of Man (1791), Phule developed a keen sense of social justice. He argued that education of women and the 'lower castes' was a vital priority in addressing social inequalities.
Satyashodhak Samaj
On 24 September 1873, Jotirao formed 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' (Society of Seekers of Truth) with himself as its first president and treasurer. The main objectives of the organisation were to liberate the Shudras and Ati Shudras and to prevent their 'exploitation' by the upper caste like Brahmans. Through this Satya Shodhak Samaj, Jotirao refused to regard the Vedas as sacrosanct. He opposed idolatry and denounced the chaturvarnya system (the caste system). Satya Shodhak Samaj propounded the spread of rational thinking and rejected the need for a Brahman priestly class as educational and religious leaders. He was an aboriginal of India and established Satyadharma and never renounced his faith. He was against those Brahmins who were using religion and blind faith of masses for their own monetary gains. But Jyotiba had many Brahmin personal friends and he even adopted a Brahmin boy as his heir. He made a will giving his large property after his death to this Brahmin boy.[citation needed]
Beliefs
When Phule established the Satya Shodhak Samaj, Savitribai became the head of the women's section which included ninety female members[citation needed]. Moreover, she worked tirelessly as a school teacher for girls. Deenbandhu publication, the mouthpiece of the Satya Shodhak Samaj, played an important role in SatyaShodhak Samaj's movement. After Jyotirao's death in 1890 his spirited followers went on spreading the movement to the remotest parts of Maharashtra. Shahu Maharaj, the ruler of Kolhapur moral support to Satya Shodhak Samaj. In its new incarnation party carried on the work of superstition removal vigorously.Many times it degenerated in hate sprouting against Brahmins as a caste.
Jyotirao firmly believed that if you want to create a new social system based on freedom, equality, brotherhood, human dignity, economic justice and value devoid of exploitation, you will have to overthrow the old, unequal and exploitative social system and the values on which it is based. Knowing this well, Jyotirao attacked blind faith and faith in what is given in religious books and the so-called god's words. He tore to pieces the misleading myths that were ruling over the minds of women, shudras and ati-shudras. Yielding to god or fate, astrology and other such rituals, sacredness, god-men, etc. was deemed irrational and absurd.[citation needed]
He also led campaigns to remove the economic and social handicaps that breed blind faith among women, shudras and ati-shudras. Jyotirao subjected religious texts and religious behavior to the tests of rationalism. He characterised this faith as outwardly religious but in essence politically motivated movements. He accused them of upholding the teachings of religion and refusing to rationally analyse religious teachings. He maintained that at the root of all calamities was the blind faith that religious books were created or inspired by god. Therefore, Phule wanted to abolish this blind faith in the first instance. All established religious and priestly classes find this blind faith useful for their purposes and they try their best to defend it. He questions " if there is only one God, who created the whole mankind, why did he write the Vedas only in Sanskrit language despite his anxiety for the welfare of the whole mankind? What about the welfare of those who do not understand this language?" Phule concludes that it is untenable to say that religious texts were God-created. To believe so is only ignorance and prejudice. All religions and their religious texts are man-made and they represent the selfish interest of the classes, which are trying to pursue and protect their selfish ends by constructing such books. Phule was the only sociologist and humanist in his time that could put forth such bold ideas. In his view, every religious book is a product of its time and the truths it contains have no permanent and universal validity. Again these texts can never be free from the prejudices and the selfishness of the authors of such books.[citation needed]
Phule believed in overthrowing the social system in which man has been deliberately made dependent on others, illiterate, ignorant and poor, with a view to exploiting him. To him blind faith eradication formed part of a broad socioeconomic transformation. This was his strategy for ending exploitation of human beings. Mere advice, education and alternative ways of living are not enough, unless the economic framework of exploitation comes to an end.[citation needed]
Religion
Jotirao Phule was an Indian aboriginal. His akhandas were based on the abhangs of Indian aboriginal saint Tukaram[3] (a Moray Shudra.)[4]
His own hero was Chhatrapati Shivaji. He called Shivaji a "...destroyer of the Muslims".[5] He believed that they were a degenerative force like the wild animals.[6]
He was a subscriber to Maharishi Vitthal Ramji Shinde's magazine, Dnyanodaya.[6] (Maharishi Shinde was a Harijan or "untouchable" and a member of the reformist Prarthana Samaj.)
He did not like the casteist of Tamil Nadu using Lord Rama as a symbol of oppression of Aryan conquest.[7]
In year 1873, Jotirao Gavondraw Fule (name as spelled then)- dedicated his book "Slavery" thus:
DEDICATED TO THE GOOD PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES as a token of admiration for their sublime, disinterested and self-sacrificing devotion in the cause of Negro Slavery; and with an earnest desire, that my countrymen may take their noble example as their guide in the emancipation of their Sudra Brethren from the trammels of Brahmin thraldom.
Attack on the sanctity of Vedas
Jyotirao Phule's critique of the caste system began with his attack on the Vedas, the most fundamental texts of forward-caste Hindus. He considered Vedas as 'idle fantasies' as 'palpably absurd legends'. He considered Vedas a 'form of false consciousness'.[8]
He believed that the true inhabitants of Bharat are the Astik.[9] He also believed that the Brahmins were outsiders to Hinduism. This was also the view spoken by Keshavarao Jehde.[10]
Merger into Congress party
After Jotiba's death in 1890, there was a period of lull, when the flame lit by Jotiba waned. The Satya Shodhak Samaj movement was totally a social movement and nothing to do with the politics, but the members of Satya Shodhak Samaj dissolved Satya Shodhak Samaj. Phule had a favourable opinion about the British Rule in India at least from the point of view of introducing modern notions of justice and equality in Indian society and taking India into the future. Phule admired British and never spoke of freedom and independence from British rule. His famous quote about the first freedom struggle of 1857 shows his loyalty towards British. He said "Thank god, the mai-bap (father-and-mother-like) British Govt won the war. This [1857 freedom struggle] is a mutiny by brahmin priests and bhikkus."[this quote needs a citation] [bhat bhikshuks].Because at that time Indiam people excepts Brahmins were far from education and not getting any Social benefit but after British rules the situation was better for them.
Social activism
He was assisted in his work by his wife, Savitribai Phule, and together they started the second school for girls in India in 1848, for which he was forced to leave his home. He initiated widow-remarriage and started a home for upper caste widows in 1854, as well as a home for new-born infants to prevent female infanticide. Phule tried to eliminate the stigma of social Untouchability surrounding the lower castes by opening his house and the use of his water-well to the members of the lower castes.
He formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) on September 24, 1873, a group whose main aim was to liberate the social Shudra and Untouchables castes from exploitation and oppression.
Phule was a member of the Pune municipality from 1876 to 1882.
Connection with women activists
Some of India's first modern feminists were closely associated with Phule, including his wife Savitribai Phule; Pandita Ramabai, a Brahmin woman. Panditia Ramabai who was leading advocate for the rights and welfare for the women in India; Tarabai Shinde, the non-Brahmin author of a fiery tract on gender inequality which was largely ignored at the time but has recently become well-known; and Muktabai, a fourteen-year-old pupil in Phule's school, whose essay on the social oppression of the Mang and Mahar castes is also now famous.
he started "Shiv Jayanti"(Birth day of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj)first time in India. He also discovered the "Samadhi" of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj on Raigad Fort which had disappeared in creepers and climbers. He wrote "Shivajicha powada" an epic poem.
Title of 'Mahatma'
The great social reformer Jotirao Phule was bestowed with the unique title of 'Mahatma' on 11 May 1888 by another great social reformer from Mumbai, Rao Bahadur Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar. As the history goes, Jotirao Phule had completed 60 years of his age and 40 years of social service fighting for the rights of the 'bahujans'. To mark this achievement, it was decided by the bahujans and satyashodhak leaders and workers to felicitate Jotirao Phule. Rao Bahadur Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar, Narayan Meghaji Lokhande were in the forefront for arranging this function. Rao Bahadur Vandekar and his fellow workers decided to bestow the title of 'Mahatma' on Jotirao Phule for his dedicated service in the cause of humanity. Hon. Sayajirao Maharaj of Baroda, who also was invited for this function, could not attend the function. He had sent a message that Jotirao Phule be bestowed with the title of 'Hindustan's Booker T. Washington'. However, Rao Bahadur Vithalrao Vandekar explained the reasons for bestowing the title of 'Mahatma' on Jotirao Phule justifying it to be apt for the great work and sacrifice of Jotirao Phule for the downtrodden. On 11 May 1888, a function was arranged in the meeting hall of 'Mumbai Deshastha Maratha Dnyati-Dharma Sanstha' at Mandvi, Koliwada, Mumbai for felicitating Jotirao Phule. As the function began, Rao Bahadur Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar explained in detail about the work and sacrifice of Jotirao Phule and his struggle for the rights of the downtrodden bahujans. He then garlanded Jotirao Phule and declared that 'we people present here, with swasphurti, are bestowing the title of Mahatma upon Jotirao Phule!'. Thus Jotirao Phule came to be known as Mahatma Jotirao Phule thereafter. Information of the above historic event has been given in detail in the Hindi book 'Yugpurush Mahatma Phule' published by the Government of Maharashtra on 11 May 1993 to mark the 105th anniversary of the above historic function. This book has been written by Murlidhar Jagtap and published by Mahatma Phule Charitra Sadhaney Prakashan Samiti, c/o Higher & Technical Education Dept., Government of Maharashtra, Mantralaya, Mumbai-400032. The then Hon. Chief Minister, Govt. of Maharashtra Shri Sharad Pawar & Co-ordinator, Mahatma Phule Charitra Sadhaney Prakashan Samiti, Govt. of Maharashtra Shri Hari Narke etc. have written foreword/introduction for this book.
Legacy
- The full length statue inaugurated at the premises of Vidhan Bhavan (Assembly Building of Maharasthra State), by the auspicious hands of then the Chief Minister and other dignitaries.
- The Crawford Market in Mumbai is officially named after him.
- Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth in Rahuri, Ahmednagar District, Maharastra.
The wholesale vegetable market in Nagpur, Maharashtra (India) is also named after him. Noted playwright G.P. Deshpande's biographical play Satyashodhak (The Truth Seeker)was first performed by Jan Natya Manch in 1992.[11]
Quotes
- Vidyevina mati geli; mativina neeti geli; neetivina gati geli; gativina vitta gele;
vittavina shudra khachale; itke anartha eka avidyene kele.
विद्येविना मती गेली | मतीविना नीति गेली | नीतीविना गती गेली | गतीविना वित्त गेले | वित्ताविना शुद्र खचले | इतके अनर्थ एका अविद्येने केले!
(Lack of education leads to lack of wisdom, which leads to lack of morals, which leads to lack of progress, which leads to lack of money, which leads to the oppression of the lower classes. See what state of the society one lack of education can cause!)
Followers
Krantisurya Phule has many followers. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, the first minister of law of Republic India and the architect of Indian Constitution was inspired by his noble work towards humanity. Noted freedom fighter and Gandhian Leader like Mukundrao Bhujbal Patil who is Ex. President of Bombay Pradesh Congress Committee was the one who tried to bring the work done by Jyotirao Phule, into a limelight. There are many followers of the work done by him, one among those is Hon. Minister Of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujbal founder of Mahatma Phule Samata Parishad, an organisation works for social upliftment of dalits and OBCs and Telugu actor Chiranjeevi, who started a political party and stated that he is very much inspired by the work done by Phule especially creating social harmony.M.S.Chandramohan,writer,he is very much inspired by the work done by Phule especially creating social education system. V.G.R Naragoni is an OBC leader in andhra pradesh got inspired by Phule and followed him and conduct deep research on Phule movements and wrote several books on Phule like "Bahujana Vudhyama Radha Saradhulu.
Published works
His famous published works are[12]
- Tritiya Ratna, 1855
- Brahmananche Kasab,1869
- Powada : Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha, [English: Life Of Shivaji, In Poetical Metre],June 1869
- Powada: Vidyakhatyatil Brahman Pantoji, June 1869
- Manav Mahammand (Muhammad) (Abhang)
- Gulamgiri [full name in English: Slavery: In The Civilized British Government Under The Clock Of Brahmanism],1873
- Shetkarayacha Aasud (Cultivator's Whipcord), July 1881
- Satsar Ank 1, June 1885
- Satsar Ank 2, October 1885
- Ishara, October 1885
- Gramjoshya sambhandi jahir kabhar, (1886)
- Satyashodhak Samajokt Mangalashtakasah Sarva Puja-vidhi, 1887
- Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Poostak, April 1889
- Sarvajanic Satya Dharmapustak, 1891
- Akhandadi Kavyarachana
- Asprashyanchi Kaifiyat
See also
References
- ^ Keer, Dhananjay (1997). Mahatma Jotirao Phooley: father of the Indian social revolution. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-066-2.
- ^ Savitri Bai Phule
- ^ Culture And The Making Of Identity In Contemporary India By Kamala Ganesh, Usha Thakkar
- ^ "MALI / SAINI COMMUNITY AND BHAKTI(DEVOTION) MOVEMENT IN INDIA". Archived from the original on 2008-04-14.
- ^ Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in By Rosalind O'Hanlon
- ^ a b P. 113 Political Ideas in Modern India: Thematic Explorations By Vrajendra Raj Mehta, Thomas Pantham
- ^ Sharad Pawar, the Making of a Modern Maratha By P. K. Ravindranath
- ^ Aryans, Jews, Brahmins: Theorizing Authority Through Myths of Identity, pp 149, By Dorothy Matilda Figueira, Published by SUNY Press, 2002
- ^ P. 13 "Positive discrimination and the transformation of caste in India" By Christophe Jaffrelot
- ^ P. 16 "Positive discrimination and the transformation of caste in India" By Christophe Jaffrelot
- ^ "Life As Message". Tehelka Magazine, Vol 9, Issue 24. 16 June 2012.
- ^ Mahatma Phule
External links & Writings
- Mahatma Phule official website
- http://www.unipune.ernet.in/chairs/mahatmaphule/literature.htm
- http://www.mahatmaphule.org/
- http://defeatpoverty.com/articles/Slavery%20Book/Bio%20of%20Phule.pdf
- http://www.manase.org/en/maharashtra.php?mid=68&smid=23&pmid=1&id=855
- http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2007/01/31/8770/index.html
- Chair of Mahatma Jotirao Phule at University of Pune
- About the Griefs of the Mahars and the Mangs, famous essay by Muktabai, a fourteen-year-old untouchable pupil of Phule's
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