Sunday, August 14, 2011

India Celebrates Independence Day once again. Sabita and Ladies in our area are busy to give final touch to their hectic Cultural engagement celebrating Independence. In Kolkata and all over Bengal , It is Rabindra SANGEET overlapping the Independenc

Indian economy has fundamental strength, resilience: President

More dangerous' times ahead!India Celebrates Independence Day once again. Sabita and Ladies in  our area are busy to give final touch to their hectic Cultural engagement celebrating Independence. In Kolkata and all over Bengal , It is Rabindra SANGEET overlapping the Independence color. What type of Independence we do celebrate since Power Transfer on 15th Augsut 1947? India`s economy is overburdened with Fuel Expenditure. Inflation may be curbed provided Oil Prices slump! But linked to US Economy, the Prime Concern of the LPG Mafai manusmriti zionist Brahaminical Rule is IMMINENT Double Dip Repression. And it depends on Oil Prices quite agianst the inerest of Indian People.If history is any guide, another oil-induced recession may be just around the corner, at least for the United States and some of the other developed economies. Americans looking for someone who can turnaround economy!

Government wants to monitor Facebook, Twitter accounts

Indian Holocaust My Father`s Life and Time - SEVEN HUNDRED NINE

Palash Biswas

http://indianholocaustmyfatherslifeandtime.blogspot.com/


http://basantipurtimes.blogspot.com

More dangerous' times ahead!

Indian economy has fundamental strength, resilience: President

Government wants to monitor Facebook, Twitter accounts!

India Celebrates Independence Day once again. Sabita and Ladies in  our area are busy to give final touch to their hectic Cultural engagement celebrating Independence. In Kolkata and all over Bengal , It is Rabindra SANGEET overlapping the Independence color. What type of Independence we do celebrate since Power Transfer on 15th Augsut 1947? India`s economy is overburdened with Fuel Expenditure. Inflation may be curbed provided Oil Prices slump! But linked to US Economy, the Prime Concern of the LPG Mafai manusmriti zionist Brahaminical Rule is IMMINENT Double Dip Repression. And it depends on Oil Prices quite agianst the inerest of Indian People.If history is any guide, another oil-induced recession may be just around the corner, at least for the United States and some of the other developed economies.

Americans looking for someone who can turnaround economy!World Bank chief Robert Zoellick warned of a "new and more dangerous" time in the global economy on Saturday, with little breathing space in most developed countries as a debt crisis hits Europe.

US consumer confidence at three-decade low over worries about faltering recovery!

: In the wake of fears about a possible global economic slowdown, President Pratibha Patil Sunday said that the Indian economy has fundamental strength and resilience and its large domestic market can help it maintain steady growth. 


Showing results for dalit voice on Brahmin bania raj.Search instead for the original terms: dalit voice on Brahamin bania raj.

14/08/2011

After Air India, Kingfisher delays salary payment

New Delhi: After government-owned Air India, Kingfisher Airlines has delayed salaries of its employees. The UB Group-controlled airline has not paid salary for July.
"We have not been paid for July. The management said it does not have the money, and has not given any date for the payment," said a Kingfisher Airlines executive requesting anonymity.
An airline spokesperson did not respond to phone calls but in a text message said: "Due to the bank strike last week, the salaries could not be processed. This has since been done."
The salaries hadn't come till the report was being filed.
For the last one year, employees have been crediting their salaries on the 7th of every month. Earlier, the company used to pay on the 31st. The airline has a staff strength of 6,000 and spends Rs 58 crore on salaries a month. According to the first quarter financial results, it has Rs 173.66 crore under the employees cost head, which has increased from Rs 163.40 crore during the same quarter last year.
The executive said the airline had not paid the lease rental for three of its aircraft and the leasing company had asked the airline to return these.
"The airline has paid to the leasing company and that is why we have not been paid," said the executive. The type of the aircraft, however, could not be confirmed.
Kingfisher operates with a fleet of 66 aircraft -- three Airbus 319, 23 Airbus 320, eight Airbus 321, five Airbus 330 and the rest are ATRs. It also has over 100 aircraft on order, including five Airbus 380.
Kingfisher is the only listed carrier to have not turned profitable. It ended the financial year 2010-11 with a loss of Rs 1,027 crore. It also increased its losses in the first quarter to Rs 263 crore from Rs 187 crore during the same period last year.
The airline has also delayed on payments to oil marketing companies and airport operators, among others. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, recently stopped fuel supply to the airline for a few hours after the dues touched Rs 650 crore, of which Rs 170 crore was not covered by guarantees.
The airline was recently threatened by GMR, which operates the Delhi and Hyderabad airports, that it will be put on a cash-and-carry system after the airline's dues touched Rs 90 crore (Rs 68 crore for Delhi and Rs 22 crore for Hyderabad).
Source: Business Standard


It is not just your BlackBerry and mobile phones, the government also wants to snoop in on your Twitter and Facebook accounts.

In a written reply to the Rajya Sabha, Minister of State for Communication and IT Milind Deora has said the telecom department has received a letter from the Ministry of Home Affairs to ensure effective monitoring of social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter.

The minister said the government is in regular conversation with the telecom service providers to address security issues and implement the solution to the extent possible, keeping in view security, service and developmental needs of the country.

India's security establishment has also been in talks with Canadian BlackBerry maker Research in Motion (RIM) over access to encrypted data sent on BlackBerry devices while the Canadian firm has been ruling out "selective" decoding of e-mails and SMSes.

According to the company, it does not possess a "master key" to provide a third party access to the key or any corporate data sent via BlackBerry devices.

The company also commented on its competitors in the Indian market, saying that "encryption of data is not something unique to BlackBerry devices alone".

The uncertainty which is shadowing the world economy needs to be tackled with co-ordinated global action, the president added while addressing the nation on the eve of India's 65th Independence Day.

"Our economy has fundamental strength and resilience, and its large domestic market can help it maintain steady growth rates," she said.

"Uncertainty is again confronting the world economy, and would need to be tackled through co-ordinated global action, as also by suitable precautionary measures in our country.

"Events of far reaching consequences are taking place in the world. In a globalised world, these developments have ramifications beyond borders," she said.

The president also stressed that the issue of price rise has to be tactically dealt with. She said that rising prices affects families, especially those living below the poverty line.

"Efforts must be made to find ways and means to soften the impact of inflation so that the benefits of growth are not blunted," she said.

Every time that the cost of oil relative to global economic output has hit current levels -- and that's even after sharp falls in spot prices this month -- it has heralded a slump.

And while economists and analysts say a serious slowdown can still be avoided, many add that unless oil and energy prices fall much further and -- most important -- stay down, the world economy could be in serious trouble.

"We are in a danger area for the world economy," said Christophe Barret, global oil analyst at Credit Agricole.

The warning signal flashing is what economists call the "oil expense indicator": the share of oil expenses as a proportion of worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) (oil prices times oil consumption divided by world GDP).

Since 1965, this has averaged roughly 3 percent of GDP, and it has only exceeded 4.5 percent during three periods: in 1974, between 1979 and 1985 and in 2008.

Each period has seen severe global recessions.

In 1973/74, during the first global "oil shock", oil prices rocketed after an Arab oil embargo in response to an Arab-Israeli war disrupted oil flows and triggered panic buying.

In 1979, revolution in Iran knocked out much of the country's oil output and was followed by a long Iran-Iraq war, bringing a second "oil shock".

In 2008, propelled by a housing bubble, speculative buying of new debt instruments and a commodities boom, oil prices exceeded $100 per barrel for the first time and soared to a record high above $147, helping trigger financial crisis and the worst slump since World War II.

"DRAG"

This time, oil prices have soared following the loss of around 1.6 million barrels per day (bpd) of Libyan oil, uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa and rapid economic growth in China, India and other developing economies.

Using the oil expense indicator, economists say Brent crude , the international oil benchmark, would need to be in the low $90s per barrel to be under the 4.5 percent danger mark.

In fact, Brent hit a two-and-a-half-year high of more than $127 per barrel in April and, with the exception of an intra-day dip on Tuesday, has been over $100 for six months.

Even after a fall of more than $20 from its early-August high on worries over a slowdown in the developed economies, Brent is still not far off $110 per barrel.

Oil is a key global cost because it is crucial to every part of the economy, powering manufacturing and the production of food and other commodities, fuelling transport as well as being a building block for industries such as plastics and electronics.

If it is too high for too long, the results are dramatic.

"The last two times that energy as a share of global GDP neared ... the current level, the world economy experienced severe crises: the double dip recession of the 1980s and the Great Recession of 2008," Merrill Lynch analysts led by Francisco Blanch said in a note to clients.

Economists reinforce their warnings over the possibility of an impending slowdown with data showing that oil demand has begun to shrink in some countries in response to high prices.

LEADING INDICATOR

Oil data lags, but the latest U.S. figures, for May, show a drop of 4.7 percent year-on-year in U.S. gasoline demand.

Congress attacks Hazare on Sawant report on graft, Gandhian hits back

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The best of Shammi Kapoor - through his songs!

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Onus on India to sort out priorities

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14/08/2011

Centre issues alert for possible terror attack for August 15

The Centre has alerted the States about the possibility of a terror attack, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir and the NorthEast, in the run up to the Independence Day and asked them to take every possible step to foil any attempt by militants to disturb peace.
Acting on intelligence inputs which suggested various militant groups may try to carry our terror attacks particularly in Northeastern States and Jammu and Kashmir, the Home Ministry asked the State governments to intensify vigil at sensitive locations and public places.
"It is a comprehensive alert as well as advisory. We have asked the Sstates what to do and what not to," a senior Home Ministry official said.
"We are specifically concerned about Assam, Manipur and Jammu and Kashmir as we are regularly getting adverse intelligence inputs. All these inputs have been shared with the concerned state governments for necessary action," the official said.
The Ministry also asked the States to deploy additional forces in markets, religious places, airports, railway stations and bus terminus.
Specific instructions were also given to Delhi Police to take extra precautions in the national capital where Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will unfurl the tricolour at the Red Fort and ensure that the day passes off peacefully.
Source: PTI


Foreign institutional investors (FII) have offloaded shares worth USD 1.30 billion (about Rs 5,829.40 crore) in the Indian equity market so far this month, as stock markets were rattled by global economic uncertainty.


In August 1-12 this year, overseas investors purchased equities worth a gross amount of Rs 22,958.30 crore. However, they also sold shares valued at Rs 28,787.70 crore in the same period, translating into net sales of shares worth Rs 5,829.40 crore during the period, according to data available with the Securities and Exchange Board of India ( Sebi).


Market analysts believe the heavy selling by FIIs was triggered by the downgrade of the USA's credit rating, which led to panic among investors fearful of another recession in the world's largest economy.


"FIIs were withdrawing money from the country's equity market as fears of possible recession in the world's largest economy, the US, and debt problems in the euro zone gripped investors across the globe," CNI Research CMD Kishore Ostwal said.


At the same time, overseas investors withdrew USD 336 million, or Rs 1,472.60 crore, from the debt market.


The BSE Sensex has declined by over 7 per cent so far in August to close the week ended August 12 at 16,839.63 points from a recent high of 18,871.29 on July 25, 2011. The benchmark index has lost nearly 18 per cent in the 2011 calendar year.


So far this year, FIIs have pumped in Rs 4,871.10 crore, or USD 1.13 million, into the Indian stock market, compared to about USD 29.4 billion in 2010.


Battered Asian financial markets are hoping to retain foreign inflows into their equity markets once the dust settles down from the current panic selling, market players said.


"Once the panic sell-off ends, the Indian market will continue to attract foreign investors," Ostwal added.


There are a total of 1,740 foreign funds registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.




Highly critical of the economic policies of President Barack Obama, Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann, who took an early lead among the crowded Republican presidential hopefuls, on Sunday said that Americans are now looking for someone who can turnaround the economy.

"You saw a big message sent to Washington. People really saw kind of the punch to the gut that America got this last week, and they really want someone that they can trust that they believe in who's actually going to turn the economy around," Bachmann told the ABC news in an interview.

At the Iowa Straw Poll on Sunday, Bechmann got 4,823 votes out of the nearly 17,000 votes. She was followed closely by Ron Paul of Texas who received 4,671 votes. Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty who came in as distant third has now dropped out of the race.

Bachmann argued that she has the right credentials to defeat Obama in the 2012 presidential elections.

"I think because I have a demonstrated, proven record that I will fight for what people care about," she said.

"What's outrageous is turning us into the biggest debtor in the history the world. No nation has ever been in debt to the level that we are. And it wasn't that long ago that we were the world's largest creditor. We have to get our house in order. This year alone, we've brought in USD 2.2 trillion in revenue from all the taxes we pay in, and then we spent not only every penny of that, but we spent USD 1.5 trillion more," she said.

"Immediately, I think what we need to do is recognize that we will tell the markets that we will pay the interest on the debt, don't worry about default. Number two, we will pay our men and women in military. It'd be irresponsible not to. And anyone who's currently on Social Security, you get paid," she said.

"I think people want job creation, they want the economy to turn around and work. I have that background. I am a former federal tax litigation attorney. I worked for years in the United States federal tax court. I get how devastating high taxes are to job creation," Bachmann said in another interview to the CNN.

Job creation will be her focus, she said. "That will be my entire focus. Because if you look just even at the Hispanic community or the African-American community, it has been devastating to see the lack of jobs that have been created for young people this summer, it was over 39 per cent for African-American youth. For Hispanic youth, it over 32 per cent. And so President Obama's policies haven't been getting jobs for people. That's my focus is job creation," she said.

Zoellick said the eurozone's sovereign debt issues were more troubling than the "medium and long-term" problems which saw the United States downgraded by Standard and Poor's last week, sending global markets into panic.


"We are in the early moments of a new and different storm, it's not the same as 2008," said Zoellick, referring to the global financial crisis.


"In the past couple of weeks the world has moved from a troubled multi-speed recovery -- with emerging markets and a few economies like Australia having good growth and developed markets struggling -- to a new and more dangerous phase," he said in an interview with the Weekend Australian newspaper.


People were in less debt than during the credit crunch and current events did not have the same "sudden shock" factor, but Zoellick said there was less room to manoeuvre this time around.


"Most developed countries have used up their fiscal space and monetary policy is about as loose as it can be," he said.


Zoellick said the eurozone's structure "could turn out to be the most important" challenge currently facing the world economy, with some hope for Spain and Italy but debt-crippled Greece and Portugal unable to devalue.


European Union action taken to date "fall short of what is needed", the World Bank chief said.


"The lesson of 2008 is that the later you act, the more you have to do," said Zoellick, questioning whether the troubled European nations could "ever get ahead of the problems that have plagued them."


He also urged British Prime Minister David Cameron not to be deterred from austerity measures by recent riots -- the country's worst in decades -- saying his spending cuts were "really necessary."


"My concern would be if the politics knocked them off course," Zoellick said.


Markets swung wildly this week on rumours of a French credit downgrade over the debt crisis, which started in Greece and is now fuelled by fears Spain or Italy might default, sparking a break up of the 17-nation currency.


Investors are questioning whether France and Germany, the eurozone's two largest economies, can continue to underwrite other states' debts without losing their top credit ratings and falling victim to the crisis themselves.


US consumers' confidence in the progress of the nation's economy and of their own financial situation plunged in August to its lowest point since May 1980 over worries about the faltering recovery, according to survey results released Friday.

The Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan's preliminary August reading on overall consumer sentiment stands at 54.9 points, considerably lower than the 63.7 in July and also far from the expectations of analysts, who believed the index would be around 63.

The figures are the lowest in more than three decades, a result of a series of factors including high unemployment rates, a long debate in Congress over raising the debt limit and the downgrading of the US debt by Standard & Poor's, Reuters/UMich said.

"Never before in the history of the surveys have so many consumers spontaneously mentioned negative aspects of the government's role," survey director Richard Curtin said.

By July the index had already retreated significantly, from 71.5 points to 63.7, which at the time was its lowest level since March 2009 and was largely due to the lack of an agreement between Republicans and Democrats to raise the debt ceiling, which was finally approved at the last minute a week ago.

Worries were further heightened this month by the downgrading of the US debt rating, which combined with other structural factors sank consumer confidence to depths unknown in more than 30 years.

And the subindex that measures consumer expectations about how the economy will fare in a year's time fell in August to 45.7 points compared with 56 points in July and reached its lowest level since May 1980.

For its part, the index that measures consumers' perception of current economic conditions and their readiness to make large purchases dropped from 75.8 points in July to 69.3 points this month.

Ruling out any major impact of the ongoing crisis in the West on GDP growth, former RBI governor Yaga Venugopal Reddy has said the impasse is "very fluid" and it is too early to assess its effect on the domestic economy.


Reddy, credited for firmly anchoring the domestic financial system and economy during the pre-crisis boom that helped the country tide over the 2008 disaster earlier than expected, said, "Though there will be some spill-over effect on our economy, it won't be that grave as our growth is primarily driven by domestic consumption."


Ruling out a recession in the short term, he said a slowdown in global economic growth was for sure in the mid-to medium-term.


"While the 2008 crisis was a revelation for everyone, the present crisis arising from the US downgrade by S&P and the lingering debt crisis in the Eurozone economies, is a realisation of the fact that the fundamental problems are still not rectified," Reddy told PTI over phone from Hyderabad.


However, he cautioned that it was too early to assess the development as the situation is too fluid now. Projecting an economic expansion of around 8 percent for the domestic economy, with a downward bias, he said to achieve that growth rate, our policy focus has to be fine-tuned at the earliest.


Whether there will be a flight of capital if the US economy slips into another recession in the wake of the last week's downgrade-from triple A to double A+-- Reddy said, "If there is excess liquidity in the US system, then we have a fair chance of getting more capital inflows. But if a serious slowdown kicks in, there could be volatility in the fund inflows".


The former RBI governor said, "But I am of the view that in aggregate terms, the quantum of current fund inflows is sufficient to take care of our current account deficit and I am hopeful that we will be able to maintain it at 2.5 per cent of GDP. But if it slips further, then it can pose problems."


On the possibility of a third round of qualitative easing (QE3) by the US Federal Reserve, Reddy said if the American fiscal policy was not that active, there will be a burden on the monetary policy.


On the impact of a possible QE3 on the domestic economy and the rest of the world, he said, "Ultimately, the mandate of the Fed is the domestic US economy and the Fed is expected to act only in that respect in the current precarious circumstance."


Reddy said in case of a slowdown, a downward spiral in the prices of commodities is expected.


He stated that if there is excess liquidity (in case the Fed goes in for a QE3), then it will have a debilitating impact on commodity prices. And if the prices cool, then it will definitely help in fighting inflation.


However, he added that "it is very fluid situation" and therefore difficult to make any firm projection.


Reddy further pointed out that the domestic fiscal and monetary situation is not as strong as it was in 2008 and warned that if there is a serious or prolonged slowdown in growth, then both the government as well the RBI will not have the legroom they did in 2008.


"Our fiscal position is not as strong as in 2008. So is the external position. Inflation is a big pressure now. Therefore, both the government and the central bank will find it more challenging this time around," Reddy said.


China, India will also be vulnerable if US, Europe slip into recession: Singapore PM

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SINGAPORE: Asia, including China and India, will be vulnerable if the United States and Europe slip into another recession, Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said Sunday.


In his annual policy speech, Lee warned it was possible the world would sink into another recession because of the debt crisis in Europe and the United States' economic woes that led to a landmark downgrade by Standard & Poor's of the country's top-notch credit ratings.


"Europe is troubled, America is also troubled," he said in his National Day rally speech, adding this has led to the recent volatility in the global financial markets.


Lee said the markets' volatility was "only a reflection of the real issue" which is lack of investor confidence that the US and European governments can "make the hard decisions and to resolve the problems which are deep and very serious."


The US government is spending too much and its fiscal deficit is "unsustainable", said Lee, adding that deep divisions between the Republicans and the Democrats have made it harder for the country to solve its problems.


Against this backdrop, China, India and other emerging markets are doing "quite well" for the moment, he said.


"But if America and Europe will go into another recession, then I think China, India and the emerging economies will also be affected, will also be vulnerable," he warned.


"And therefore Singapore has to be watchful. We don't have to press the panic button yet but we have to be watchful because there's quite a possibility that the world will go into another recession," he added.


"That's going to affect us. It can easily happen."


Singapore's economic output contracted by 6.5 percent in the second quarter as global electronics demand slumped, according to official data.


Export-dependent Singapore was the first Asian economy to suffer negative growth during the last global downturn in 2008 but also led the recovery with a strong growth rebound in 2010.


Markets around the world have been roiled on concerns that the US and eurozone debt crisis may spark a new recession.


The crisis started in Greece and is now fuelled by fears that Spain or Italy might default on their debt and possibly spark a break-up of the currency shared by 17 countries.


Food Minister K V Thomas, Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar to discuss executing part of draft Food Bill
Faced with storage problems, the food and agriculture ministries will meet on Tuesday to discuss the feasibility of early supply of wheat and rice at Rs 2 and Rs 3 per kg, respectively, to BPLfamilies through ration shops.

Under the draft National Food Security Bill, the Centre has proposed to give a legal entitlement to subsidised foodgrains to both BPL and APL individuals.

However, the Food Ministry plans to implement the proposal related to BPL categories even before Parliament's nod for the Bill is given.

According to sources, Food Minister K V Thomas is scheduled to meet Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar on August 16 to discuss this issue.

At present, the government provides 35 kg of wheat/rice in a month through ration shops to 6.52 crore families at Rs 4.15 per kg and Rs 5.65 per kg, respectively.

The meeting will also discuss ways to liquidate foodgrains stocks and strengthen the Public Distribution System (PDS), as suggested by a Narendra Modi-headed panel's report, sources added.

The Food Ministry is of the view that the execution of part of the draft Bill could improve foodgrains lifting via the PDS and also help the government gear up for its final implementation once the draft Bill is approved by Parliament.

"The draft Bill aims to give a legal right on subsidised foodgrains. That legal right can be given to beneficiaries later after the passage of the Bill, but we can explore whether the foodgrains can be supplied now," a highly placed source noted.

Sources also said subsidised foodgrains may be given to more than the current 6.52 crore BPL families, taking into account the revised BPL list of the Planning Commission.

Last week, Thomas had noted that "since it will take time to pass the draft Bill, why cannot we start implementing the proposal on BPL families in the draft Bill now?"

Food subsidy expenditure is estimated at around Rs 82,000 crore for the current fiscal.

The draft Food Bill was recently cleared by the Empowered Group of Ministers (EGoM) on Food and has also been vetted by the Law Ministry.

Government godowns so far have foodgrains stock of 61.27 million tonnes, triple the buffer norm of 21.2 million tonnes. The covered storage space is only 44 million tonnes and the rest is kept in open areas.
Rural development ministry refuses to suspend MGNREGS
The rural development ministry has turned down an appeal from the agriculture ministry to suspend the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) during the peak farming season.

"It is not feasible to suspended the MGNREGS during the peak farming season. We have told this clearly to the agriculture ministry," said Rural Development Secretary B.K. Sinha.

"The MGNREG Act, under which the rural job plan operates, does not provide for suspension of the scheme. In fact, the law guarantees right to work throughout the year based on local demand."

The agriculture ministry had last month written to the rural development ministry asking it to consider suspending the MGNREGS during peak farming season (Kharif sowing), between the months of June and September.

The agriculture ministry had expressed its concern that farming activity during the peak season was getting affected due to shortage of labourers, many of whom sought employment under MGNREGS. Farm ministry officials said their apprehensions were based on inputs received from the field.

But sources in the rural development ministry said this was not the case across the country. In some agrarian states like Punjab, farm wages are more than the remuneration received under MGNREGS.

"The apprehension of the agriculture ministry is not correct. MGNREGS actually benefits the poor," said Sinha.

MGNREGS provides a maximum of 100 days of employment in a year to people at a minimum wage of Rs.100 day. The job plan, launched in 2006 to provide a safety net to the rural poor, provided employment to 1.59 crore households in the financial year 2011-12.

women while those from Dalit and tribal categories were 21.37 per cent and 19.97 per cent respectively.
Legal opinion sought on cancelling 83 new telecom licences
The government is seeking legal opinion to cancel as many as 83 telecom licences for the failure of service providers to roll out their networks as per their agreements between 2006 and 2008, officials have said.

Last month, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), had recommended outright cancellation of 53 licences and that legal opinion be sought in respect of 30 others due to non-compliance of roll-out obligations.

"It is proposed to take a final decision on the recommendations of TRAI after taking into consideration legal advice in this regard," Minister of State for Communications and Information Technology Milind Deora told parliament last week.

Show-cause notices were also issued to seven service providers for non-compliance of the norms in some areas - Aircel, Dishnet Wireless, Etisalat DB, Idea Cellular, Sistema Shyam Teleservices, Spice Communications and Vodafone Essar Spacetel.

Originally, the watchdog had recommended the cancellation of 43 licences issued between 2006 and 2008 and seriously consider similar action after legal examination on 31 others for non-utilisation of spectrum and the resultant loss of revenue to the exchequer.

The government had granted 145 licences between 2006 and 2008.

National Issues And Speeches
 
"The Arya-Brahmanical forces wants to reserve 100% jobs in services for themselves, thats why they are sabotaging the reservation system and bringing towards its end"

Reservation is the tool provided by the con stitution to interfere within the system. Most of the people who had got into service through reservation don't know this fact Most of the intellectuals arc of the opinion that reservation is provided only to get service and nothing else. Once our intellectual get's into service, they forget everything. So there is a need of a elaborate discussion on this subject. These were the views expressed by Mr.Waman Meshram, Na tional President. BAMCEF. while concluding the ses sion of fourth Delhi state convention which was or ganized at community center. Karol Bagh. New Delhi on 15lh October 2002 (Dussera Day) 

National Issues And speeches
 
"THE CITIZENSHIP AMENDMENT ACT-2003 IS A CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT THE EN MASSE HOMICIDE OF MULNIVASIES IN GENERAL AND MIGRATARY BENGALEES OF EAST BENGAL IN PARTICULAR SETTLED PERMANENTLY IN VARIOUS PLACES AND PARTS OF INDIA".

Addressing the last session of the 1st day of the 22nd National Convention held at Agra, Mr. Waman Meshram says that the subject designed for this session is very important in view of Nationwide Movement. The citizenship Amendment Act. 2003 alternatively as long as this Act remains applicable which has deprived the migratory Bengalis from their rights for citizenship, their problem could not be/would not be sorted out and solved until and unless it is seen to combine with the movement of our great dignitaries and personalities of Bengolies and linking it with the prospective to revive it in the form shape thereof as the Nationwide Movement. These two enter-linked subjects have been designed to discuss and debate there on. 
The subject is extremely serious. We will have to go in deep about the events surrounded this matter. It is historical fact that in 1946 the elections of assemblies were being conducted. Gandhi and Congress both were not in favor that Baba Saheb should have an opportunity to represent on behalf of the untouchables of India and even widely declared that not only door even windows were closed for his entry into the constituent Assembly. In Maharastra at was difficult for Baba Saheb to stand and be elected to the constituent Assembly. In such hard situation then prevalent, Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal assured Baba Sahab to make him elected to the constituent Assembly. Though Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal was the candidate yet he sacrificed his interest and managed to have elected Baba Saheb to the constituent assembly even in spite of the fact that the Bengal Region was populated in majority by Muslims who were politically in rule these prevailing there circumstances were tangible. Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal who represented Khulna, Jassor, Borisal and Faridpur and by other colleges as there was 70% population of our people of Mulnivasies, made the base for Babasaheb to be elected and succeeded in his efforts. Hopes of Gandhi and his congress shattered. Babasaheb was made to represent us in the constituent Assembly. This was due to the conscious efforts and foresightedness of Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal. 

Imaginatively many facts emerged out of the circle of events. Had Babasaheb been not managed to have been elected to constituent assembly, he would have not been recognised as the representative of the oppressed and exploited communities. It was a crusade against our enemies Gandhi and congress. Congress under compulsion had to compromise with Babasaheb. It could be sensed an extremely situation. Hopes of Babasaheb could have crumbled, would have no opportunity to represent us and offered the chairmanship to construct the constitution of India. It is justly presumed that played a significant role to strengthen us legally and constitutionally. It would not be exaggeration to say that we the Mulnivasi of the country have been saved from the social slavery by our Bengali Brothers. 
Situation so prevailed in the past was the pre thought conspiracy to commit genocide. No we are in a position to stand and struggle for constitutional rights we all Mulnivasies need compulsorily and constitutionally to realize the sense of unity in disparity. 

It is this quite understandable that our respected leader Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal served the humanity played extremely important role faced the tactful conspiracy of Gandhi Nehru and Rajendra Prasad who were deeply shocked. So these congress people gave the East Bengal, where 70% population was of our people, in Partition of India. It was the then law of the British Parliament that the division of India would be made on the basis of population. The basis of division of India was the majority of Muslims and non-Muslims. The basis was percentage formula, surprisingly the East Bengal was having the 70% population of Mulnivasi, was parted with to form the East Pakistan. This was retaliations. Our migratory 3 crores Bengali had become and have been still becoming the victim of the discrimination of the Brahaminical click, who in retaliation agreed to hand over the abundantly inhabited area of the East Bengal to Muslim, where they were in minority. Thus the East Pakistan created and our brothers migrated from the East Bengal had become the victim of atrocities. 

Now the time has come to think over our problem especially the migratory Bengali who were never allowed to settled in the West Bengal after the partitions by the Brahaminically dominated Government there. This was due to the fact that had they been allowed to resettle in the West Bengal areas there would have emerged political establishment there. The three crores migrated Bengali would have emerged a political force menace to the communist Brahaminical Government. These migratory Bengali brothers were compelled to settle in other parts and places of the country. Where they have been living in the precarious condition without having the constitutional rights, specially the right to citizenship scattered and spread our Bangali brothers have been facing the of starvation and recination contrarily non-Muslim who migrated from West Pakistan-Punjab Sindh and other parts thereof, were resettled loans and places were provided to them who are more prosperous in comparison to the migratory Bengali brothers. Even the properties left by these people had non-been exchanged and transferred till today these migratory Bengali Brothers have been living in the poor condition in the West Bangal and even other states of the country. This was due to reason that our great leaders of Bengal managed to send by election Bababaheb to the constituent assembly of the country where the proved the heavy weight to others representatives of the Congress. Babasaheb could control the Constituent Assembly due to his deep knowledge and wisdom. 

Further Mr. Meshram gave an example saying that one of our representative from Maharashtra state Barrister Jaykar was asked to speak on the objection Regulation placed by Mr. Neheru in the Parliament. Barrister Jayakar was discouraged created hue and cry and ridiculed by raising loud voice and beating the tables. Barrister Jayakar was so disgusted and depressed and he resigned from the membership of the constituent Assembly and there after he never turned to participate in the proceedings. Congress also pre-planned to discourage Babasaheb by displaying the unprecedented behavior as done with Barrister Jayakar.

Babasaheb surprised to note to provide the early opportunity to speak, nevertheless being unprepared Babasaheb delivered his speech in the Parliament as requested by Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Babasaheb was so impressive and to the point that it was appreciated with beating to tables. The cassette of this speech is available in record. This speech was informative and valuable. Babasaheb being the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the constitution faced situation individually with the courage and devotion. The provisions inserted in the frame-work constitute by Babasaheb was document. It was rather a "Constitutional Revolution. He successfully drafted the constitutional provision and did away with the supremacy of the Brahaminical rule. 
Broadly speaking the supremacy in the constituent Assembly of Babasaheb who drafted the constitution, was his prime role. Socio-academic scenario changed, awareness among us spread. Our people had and have the opportunities for all round development. Forest flourished by virtue of our labor and wisdom. Citizenship conferred upon us. Brahamin click was perplexed and remained persistently perturbed. This conspired act of all Brahimin clicks- of Congress-BJP and Communists brought this black act, specifically to deprived the migratory Bengali mulnivasi from their rights of citizenship. Plans were conspired to desert, destabilize and destroy them. Support of media was taken detrimentally. It was started to say and publish that the migratory Bengali are intruder traitor and the danger to the people of India. How it could be said. The Brahaminical click was not to accept them as the Indian personnel due to the political reasons. Their huge assembly in India would have jeopardized their means of living, their existence and identity. In the given circumstance then prevalent, it can conveniently be taken note thereof that disunited migratory Bengali become so desperate that they could hardly raise their voice against their miseries. Stranded this class of destitute Bengali was thrown on the mercy of the Govt. machinery controlled and run by at the state of West Bengal and at Centre the citizenship amendment act was passed so cleverly and cautiously that even today most of us are not aware about its pros and cons. In fact Babasaheb had to be nominated as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee as a result of condition imposed by the British Rulers in India. It was done so under compulsion and compromise. Babasaheb was exclusively a great problem for Gandhi, Congress and its leaders. Whatever Babasaheb had done by drafting the constitution, left a significant reflection. This is for our information and understanding, Babasaheb was the architect. Provisions inserted in the constitution are master pieces which could be termed as a constitutional Revolution, rule of Brahaminical tradition and socio-religious sanction made to merge in duets. 
Babasaheb being the chairman of the Drafting Committee and nominee of the oppressed people was a great danger to the Congress. Our people of the undivided Bengal elected Babasaheb to represent in the Constituent Assembly of India. The irritated Congress click divided the Bengal into two parts East Bengal and West Bengal. East Bengal was given to Pakistan though it was deeply populated by SC ST and OBC. The division was against the policy whereby it was provisioned that only those areas of Bengal inhabited by 70% of the untouchable and touchable oppressed communities would be handed over to India. But due to the part was played by Brahamins and tactfully agreed to partition like this as they knew that their supremacy was at stake and danger to their existence. The partition of the Bengal posed multiple problems to our people who became refugee. No shelter was provided, compelled to settle in forest and remote areas and forced to settle in other states so that they may not have the opportunity to live together. 

It was sensed by the communist Brahamins to deprive the migratory Bengalis from their right to citizenship and hence these Brahaminical click of CPM, Congress and BJP came together and the citizenship amendment Act 2003 was in acted. All migratory Bangalis mostly Non-Muslim were declared publicly as intruder and traitor. Had these migratory become Muslim, why they would apply their surname as Biswas, Malik, Sarkar and Mandal. This reflects they are not Muslims the matter is not of the Muslim intruder. It is the matter of migratory SC, ST and other like backward classes. 

Mr. Meshram further states. I deeply studied the matter explore and analyze the situation problems of our Bengali migratory brothers. I chalked out the special plan to cope with our brother's problems so computationally created by Brahaminical forces. The counter plan made to make aware our Bengali Brothers about their hidden problems and it was divulged that BAMCEF to is their organization for their safety and cause. This was done to mingle with us. We are also brothers and stand in support and for their safety. Brahaminical click knew the matter hidden behind the act, our people are not aware that the matter is serious for our maintained and existence. 
Under phases of the counter plan a conference on 18 and 19 Sept., 2005 on national level was managed to hold at Nagpur to highlight the pros and cons of the Act. Before this convention, the Bureaucrat Machinery acting under the instruction of the Brahanimical click stopped the implementation of Act. Migratory people of Bengal were perplexed of being ousted and were under horror. This conference which simply discussed the problem of the migratory Bengali showed the fruitful results. Atrocities on them stopped. Administrative machinery stopped the implementation of provisions of the Act. Most of us think differently BAMCEF Act strategically with the planned way. But the Govt. of India always have the capacity to sense the public protest due to the political reasons and from the intelligent machinery. The Act is still in existence. Only its implementation has been restrected. But our problem is to abrogate the Act in to. Our Bengali brothers should appropriately know their problem is our problem and the same persists. A tight vegil there on is always required. So to keep matter alive. I know the character of the enemy who will never sit silent. Like wise we should also active and alert owing to this reason this subject was made for the wide and comprehensive discussions. 

We all should understand that so long as Act is in existence, our calamity will remain in existence. Our people may the made victim every now and then due to this Act as the Govt. machinery has the force to apply on us. Action under Act now stands still but our Bangali brothers have been not conferred the right to citizenship till now. UNO has the law there about that not a single man can live without the right of citizenship right. I was apprised of by Justice Sawant there about. It follows that citizenship is the birth right and cannot be snatched away. It is the matter of the human right none could be deprived to exercise it. The constitution has also provided safeguards therefore our Bengali brothers who have reported their presence in this convention should not understand, that their problem stand wiped out due to the brake on the implementation of Act. Our enemy may have the alternative strategy for this application we will have our own strategy to cope with the problem. The strategy is that we will have to link our action plan and strategy with the movement launched by Great Peoples of the Bengal. Specifically Guru Chand Gauri Chand launched the movement for this cause and purpose which was followed by Mr. Jogendra Nath Mandal. This movement should be revived linking it with this nation wide movement. 

The action plan for the revival of the movement is to trace out our Bengali Brothers scattered and settled in various states of the country to aware them and make them join us, make them part of the organization. Units branch and camps would managed for them who are more than 2 corers in India. Among them there are 2 lakes medical practioners who have to doing the Chandsi-Dawakhana and Ayurvedic dispensary and small hospitals all over the country. Agra has also such dispensaries in many numbers. Economic condition of such Bengali even being not the citizen of India we will make the social network for them through out the country. It will and may develop the human resources and financial resources in a large number in coming times. 

This problem of the right to citizenship has brought for us the great opportunity to lay the foundation of the socio-eco. force. Calamities are always the test to judge our strength and to seek justice against injustice. I am solidly thinking to make the strategy which should be brought home to all of us. Wherever you happen to come across such Chandsi medical practitioners, contact and make them aware about this long standing perplexity and problem as they are our people. I say that our workers should make them aware about the identity and existence of BAMCEF which is for them and for their security. We should have made up mind to support them and are not separate from us. This prime necessity in the society we belong to. In every area stage and steps in every district tehsil and township is indispensable to establish our mutual recognition. This will produce human energy and power to launch the nationwide movement for which we have the commitment and socio-moral obligation. After the partition and the formation of Pakistan many people migrated from Sindh and Punjab, who were made to settle here and are in prosperity. One of them a Sindhi Lai Krishan Advani came, became the great leader and has been dreaming to be the Prime Minister of the country, like were I. K. Gujral a refugee from the Punjab had been the Prime Minister of the country. Jyoti Basu has been Chief Minister of the West Bengal. Likewise the present Chief Minister of the state of West Bengal is Buddha Dev Bhattacharya. These both are refugees migrated from the East Pakistan! Contrarely our Bengali Mulnivasi brothers are made to chide dust, brought in the vicinity of starvation and renunation. The grave loss could be anticipated that our migrated Bengali being our kith and kens compelled to remain aloof and distinct from their brothers living in the country. This fact needs the wide publicity and propaganda. 

Further I will also tell something more in this context. When I toured to the West Bengal, I met some SC's, ST's and OBC migrated persons who told me they are Hindus. I told them that those who have made laws, do not recognize you as Hindu, you are simply refugees and hence you have no right to be called the citizens of India. Brahamin click of CPM, Congress and BJP who conspired and enacted the Citizenship Amendment Act 2003 which passed during the NDA regime. Brahmin is Brahmin first whether it is Congress BJP or CPM. It means that their identity and interest are of the prime phenomenon. In the Durban conference on the creamy layer discussion all the Brahmin participants irrespective of their parties united. Brahmin is a Brahmin. He is neither Communist nor Socialist, Gandhivadi, Sanatani or Progressive. We have noted from the Durban conference held in South Africa and the enactment of the citizenship Amendment Act 2003. Had he been Gandhivadi, he would have not assassinated Gandhi. We should have attention on there facts. 

Broadly speaking it is the necessity of the time to make all migrated Bengali Brothers, especially Chandsi Mediocrities in the fold of the organization. 
They can also become the part and partial of our organization where is their future in all walks of life social, political, economic and cultural. We have developed the concept of Mulnivasi for the unanimity of purpose and the of action. We have designed a casteless society a society for the welfare of the poor, a society for the oppressed and neglected. 

I remind you that this is risky affair. Our enemy propagates through media and print media publicly and widely concealing the rality that the migrated Bengali brothers are traitor and to sabotage the country. This is being propagated openly but fact is this that they (Brahamins) are not the aboriginal Indians. They are not the Mulnivasi of our land and our country. 

In the conference that if these migratory Bengali are allot accepted as the citizen of India, the matter would take violent and serious change in the future. BAMCEF is going to take it its own problem. Nevertheless this migratory Bengali problem is our joint problem and vicariously be handled. I remind you that Babasaheb election managed to facilitate the entry in the constituent Assembly was boom for all of us. This was and could be possible due to the sense and dedicated efforts of our Great Bengali Dignitaries. Side by side BAMCEF promise and take the commitment that we would take issue to the UNO and raise it before the international human rights commission situated at Geneva. We are at more to make the documentation there on to stand a struggle for this purpose. 

In the end, I sincerely expect that all delegates participated in the 22nd national Convention go to the field propagate about this burning problem and stand by these oppressed and neglected migratory Bengali brothers and take their cooperation. We are proceeding to build up the nationwide movement. With this I take leave. 

National Issues And Speeches
 
Subject: "The second stage of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation which includes privatisation of higher and professional education, Conversion of retail marketing into global marketing, Centralisation of retail market into private hands is a conspiracy to nullify and thereby sabotage the constitutional rights of the indigenous people ( Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj) of India so as to force slavery on them."  

From last year on 16th April at ShivajiPark, Mumbai, we started organising the joint celebrations of our great leaders. We are organizing these joint celebrations of the birthdays of our great leaders at Ahmedabad on a national level this year. 

On this day we are discussing this issue, "The second stage of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation which includes privatisation of higher and professional education, Conversion of retail marketing into global marketing, Centralisation of retail market into private hands is a conspiracy to nullify and thereby sabotage the constitutional rights of the indigenous people ( Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj) of India so as to force slavery on them."   
Rashtriya Mulnivasi Sangh will organize 15000 meetings till the end of this December to highlight this issue. There will be a nation wide awakening through such programmes. 
We must seriously understand and comprehend this issue. LPG stands for Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation. This programme of LPG was started by the Congress Party in 1990 and the Congress Party takes the credit of this programe. We too give credit of the implementation of the programme of LPG to the Congress . The Bharatiya Janata Party is an accomplice of the Congress Party and they together started implementing this programme of LPG. At that time i.e. in 1990 Narsimha Rao was the Prime Minisiter and Manmohan Singh was the Finance Minister. Today Manmohan Singh is the Prime Minister. The Central Government has implemented aggressively this programme of LPG for the last 17 years. 

Even all the state governments have become excited and enthusisastic and are looking forward to implement this programme of LPG. Thus both the BJP and the Congress are aggressively implementing this programme of LPG. Even the Communists are taking the initiative in the implementation of LPG.

What have been the consequences of LPG on Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj? The policy of LPG has been implemented for the last 17 years but the
 Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj is ignorant of the adverse effects of LPG.
The Government does not want to provide information about the adverse effects of the policy of LPG. In fact they want to hide this information from the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. There is a conspiracy behind all this. We want to awaken the people regarding all this and make them aware of this conspiracy and then organize them.
The Central Government started implementing the policy of LPG in Government Sectors and Public Undertaking Sectors. The BJP, the Communists and the Congress together have started privatization in the Government and the Public Undertaking Sectors. The Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the Other Backward Classes and the indigenous Converted Minorities have reserved seats in the Government sectors and the Public Undertaking Sectors. There are about 2 Crore government posts and atleast 1 crore of these posts would have been occupied by the persons amongst the SCs, the STs, the OBCs and the indigenous converted Minorities. If we were to consider that an average family consists of 5 members then atleast 5 crore people were directly dependent and could have made their living on these government posts.

But as the programme of LPG is being aggressively implemented Reservation for the SCs, the STs, the OBCs and the indigenous converted Minorities in the Government Bureaucracy and Public Undertaking Sectors has become practically null and void. There may be the provision for reservation in our Indian Constitution but it exists now only on paper. Practically the reservation policy has become completely null.

There has been a complete ban on Recruitment for the last 12-13 years. If there is recruitment there will be reservation. If there is no recruitment there will be no Reservation.

Educated people amongst the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj who read news and watch television do not have any information. Those who need to know and be informed are completely ignorant. If the educated people from amongst the indigenous people are ignorant who will educate the illiterate people.

Kumbhkaran was maligned in Ramayana because he used to sleep for 6 months at a stretch. Our people are Grand grandfathers of Kumbhkaran as they have been sleeping for 17 long years.

Thus the first adverse effect of LPG was that Reservation was nullified.
The policy of Reservation guaranteed reserved posts and the availability of these jobs provided inspiration and motivation to the people in the villages who starved themselves but educated their children so that their children could aspire to occupy those Government posts. But now as the policy of Reservation has become null, this inspiration and motivation no longer exists. Even the motivation for learning and getting educated has died down.
Lack of education will lead to lack of development of the brains of our people. Our people wouldn't be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. They will not be able to reason, analyze and make decisions.

You know that an animal does not have the ability to reason, analyze and make decisions. The ruling castes want to push our people down to the level of animals. LPG is the program to make animals of our people. Even our educated people do not have this information. Who will educate the illiterate?

The implementation of the policy of LPG has forced 60 crore people in India below the Poverty Line. One new class has emerged amongst these 60 crore people. This is the class of 25 crore people who have been forced below the Starvation Line.
The Ruling Castes use the Hindi word 'Kuposhan' for the English word 'Starvation'. Our people do not understand the Hindi word Kuposhan.
They think that Kuposhan is some sort of a disease. But in ordinary Hindi 
 kuposhan means Bhookmari. The Godowns of the Food Corporation of India are full of every kind of grain. But this food is not sent to the starving population of India. They Government say they do not have money to send food to the starving people of India. But the Government allocated 400 crores to the Indian Space Research Organisation to plan a mission to the Moon. The Government says it has no money for the poor.
This is mass slaughter by forcing starvation on the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. There is not a single line about this catastrophe in the National Newspaper. Thus our people do not have any information regarding all this.

The wedding ceremony of Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachhan was highlighted daily in these news channel and newspapers. But the same media does not print a single line about the starvation deaths in our country. We see that the head of a family commits suicide by consuming poison. He even poisons his own family members. They report that investigation is in progress. But I say is there any need for investigation. Just go and look into the utensils kept in the kitchen. Our people blame it on their fate. Our people say it is the writ of the Brahma. But it is the writ of the Brahmins.

 Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. The first Five Year Plan planned a budget of 3700 crores. In Sonia Gandhi's time i.e today the total expenditure of just one year is about 5 lac 1000 crores rupees. If Sonia Gandhi wishes she could remove the starvation and poverty of our people in just 5 years. If A.B.Vajpayee wishes he could do the same. If the Brahmins who plan the budget of India wish then they could end this starvation and poverty of our people. But they simply do not want to allocate any budget for eradication of poverty and starvation of our people. It simply means that our poverty and starvation is the writ of the Brahmins.

We need to seriously think of this and act accordingly. Sooner or later those who are not below the poverty line will be forced below the poverty line or even the starvation line. This is a Mass-Slaughter programme being implemented by the Government. These were the catastrophic consequences of the first stage of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation.

The adverse consequences of the policy of LPG should have made the government to terminate this policy immediately. But they knowingly started implementing the 2nd stage this programme of LPG.
The 2nd stage of LPG includes:
1) Creation of SEZ i.e. Special Economic Zones.
2) Absolute Privatization of Higher and Professional Education
3) Conversion of Retail market into Global market to centralize and monopolize retail market into private hands.

These are dangerous programmes which spell impending doom for the future of the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. These three programmes are being implemented on a large scale.

Do you know how a bill is passed?  First it is put up for discussion in the Rajya Sabha, then in the Lok Sabha and then the President gives his approval. After all this procedure it is finally published in the gazette.
But without any discussion this bill (SEZ) was passed in the RajyaSabha
and the LokSabha. If the bill would have been discussed, the people of India would have known about the adverse consequences of SEZ. This bill was passed without discussion. Any bill which is passed without discussion is absolutely Unconstitutional. The President shouldn't have given his approval to this undiscussed bill and unconstitutional bill. But the President gave his approval. Even the Supreme Court has not opposed this unconstitutional bill. All of them are in this Conspiracy. We need to understand this.
They call Mr.Kalam, the President, a true Rashtrawadi (Nationalist). Is he a fool or a donkey that he does not understand simple things? He has signed on a bill which was not discussed in the Parliament. He could have asked them to discuss the Bill. The Constitution of India has bestowed such powers on the President. But the President didn't exercise any of his power. He should have but he didn't. Thus they are all in this conspiracy.

It is written in the bill that for a Special Economic Zone minimum 2000 hectares i.e. 4500 acres of land and maximum 35000 hectares i.e. 80000 acres to 1,00,000 acres of land must be allocated.

There was widespread unrest in West Bengal over this land acquisition. Due to this growing unrest the Government says that the land allotment to SEZ will be 1000 acre minimum to 10,000 acres maximum. But this latest statement has been issued to befool the people. It has been done to deflate the growing opposition of the people. Factually such an order has not been passed. It is a huge conspiracy.
They are betraying this country. Therefore they cannot be trusted at all.

It is mentioned in the bill that only 10% of land allotted to SEZ will be used for development of industries. The rest i.e. 90% of the land will be used for developing Real Estate. Real Estate means Handling of the land to Big Builders so that they could build multi-storey buildings.

 If only 10% of land will be used for industry then only 10% of the total land allocated for SEZ must be actually allotted. But in reality 1 lac acres land is being allotted.

Thus through a simple bill the government along with the state governments wants to buy agricultural land from farmers at a cheap rate and sell it even more cheaply to capitalists.

Before develop of Real Estate on the SEZ land, one acre of agricultural land will normally cost 1, 00,000 rupees.
After development into Real Estate the same land will cost 10 crore rupees.
1 lakh acres of Real Estate land will cost 1, 00,000 * 1, 00,000,000 rupees. Thus the land of the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj is being forcibly bought by the government to sell it cheaply to the Capitalists. This is nothing but a huge Land Scam.

The Government says that the Capitalist will use his own money to develop the land. But in reality the capitalist will earn 1, 00,000*1, 00,000,000 rupees and will only invest 1%-2% of what he earns. Thus this is land scam.
Just imagine of what huge proportion this land scam really is?

The Government has proposed a tax exemption of 2, 00,000*1, 000* 10,000,000 (2 lakh1000 crores) rupees annually for SEZs.
There will not be Custom Tax, production tax, sales tax, etc
There will not be any duty on raw material imported. There will be no duty on finished goods exported. There will be complete tax exemption for 15 years. Thus the total tax exemption will be 15*2, 00,000*1, 000*10, 000,000=30 lacs 1000 crore rupees. This is nothing but Tax evasion with the help of a simple bill and by making a law. By simply passing such a bill they want to put all this money into the pockets of the industrialists. Industrialists like Tata, Birla have become great by looting India's wealth. They say that we do not have merit. But are they becoming millionaires, billionaires by their merit or by looting the country's wealth? Plundering the country's wealth is not a sign of being meritorious. Those who loot and plunder the country's wealth are called Dacoits. Everywhere in the world such people are called as Dacoits. This is carried in a joint way (check)

If this amount (30 lac 1000 crore rupees) goes into the government treasury instead of going into the Industrialists' pockets then it could be spent on our peoples' health, education etc. But this money will now go into the Industrialists' pockets. The government wants to put all this money into the Industrialists' pockets. This is nothing but TAX SCAM.
Harshad Mehta who laundered 1000 crores died of blood pressure and heart attack. But these people have sound hearts and even their blood pressure is normal. 
This is a planned conspiracy.

The bill of SEZ says that the SEZ's will be foreign territories. It says that the SEZ will be deemed to be a foreign territory. Why do they say that the SEZ's will be foreign territories? Does our constitution apply to Nepal, Bangladesh or Pakistan? The answer is no simply because Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan are foreign territories. The bill simply says that the constitution will not be applicable in SEZ's.  No Indian law can be enforced in SEZ's. No person will be allowed to even enter these SEZ's without permission and a pass. I had to apply for a visa before going to England. I enquired what exactly does visa mean. They said it is an entry pass. If you want to enter into Ambani's SEZ you will have to procure an entry pass. Thus an Indian citizen will have to procure an entry pass to enter a SEZ as it will be a foreign territory. 

If the constitution is not applicable to SEZ, then it is nothing but betrayal of the constitution. Thus land is being brought at throwaway prices and is being converted into foreign territories. This is betrayal of the nation. If the constitution is not applicable then all the fundamental rights enshrined in the constitution become null. Those who do not have fundamental rights are called as slaves. Slaves do not have fundamental rights. Those people who will live in SEZ's will be nothing but slaves. They will be made slaves. They won't have any rights. They can't go to the High Court and the Supreme Court because SEZ's will not be in the jurisdiction of these courts. These SEZ's will be called as Ambani Region, Tata Region, Mahindra Region etc and the Industrialists who own these regions will say that SEZ's is a foreign territory and the constitution of India is not applicable to any foreign territory. The Supreme Court and the High Court will not have any power to adjudicate on a case from a SEZ because SEZ will not be under their jurisdiction. Lawyers know that a case of Vadodara can be adjudicated upon in Vadodara but not in Ahmedabad. The Brahmin who wrote the draft of SEZ explicitly mentioned that SEZ will be a foreign territory so that it cannot be challenged in any Indian Court. Just imagine if all the territory of India is converted into SEZ, will the Indian Nation exist? Every region will be a foreign territory where the Indian constitution will not be applicable. Does the Parliament have a right to make such a law? The answer is definitely no.

The Constitution of India says that India is a sovereign country. There cannot be a nation without a nation. Thus SEZ is nothing but a dangerous conspiracy of unimaginable proportion.

The Bill of SEZ says that if any industrialist who invests in SEZ by taking loans from any foreign institutions goes bankrupt then all his loans will be cleared by the Indian government. The responsibility of clearing the loan will be the responsibility of the Indian Government. Now any scheming foreign or Indian Industrialist will invest in SEZ and then declare to have become a bankrupt. He will run away with all his money. But the Indian Government will have to clear his loans from the money that it collects as tax from us. The Indian Government is an accomplice in this conspiracy. Our MLA's and MP's are part of this conspiracy. They have sold themselves. These MLA's, MP's, Chief Ministers are all slaves who have sold themselves. Everything is being done against the law of the land and against the constitution of India. If this programme of Creation of SEZ's was in the interest of the nation why was not it discussed in the Parliament? If SEZ's were for the welfare of the nation why was not it discussed in the Parliament? They say that this programme is being implemented to transform India into a great nation. If this is true why was not it discussed in Parliament? If it would have been discussed in the parliament people would have come to know about it. But they wanted to hide the real motive. This clearly suggests that it is a huge conspiracy. There will be no Labour law in SEZ's. A worker will have to work for 16 hours and will receive the salary of 8 hours. Our people do not know the difference between service and slavery. If you work for 8 hours and receive a salary for 8 hours' work then it is service. But if you work for 16 hours and receive a salary for 8 hours' work then it is slavery. Our Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj is basically a labour class. 

Thus SEZ is a programme to enslave the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. It is a programme to make slaves of us and that too of the worst kind. 

The next programme of the ruling castes is to absolutely privatize higher education and professional education. Sukhdeo Thorat, a scheduled caste person, from Amravati near Nagpur was made the chairman of the University Grants Commission. He was formerly a lecturer in the Jawaharlal Nehru University. The main work of UGC is to give grants to 250 Universities across India. The grants facilitate admissions of the students belonging to SC's, ST's and the OBC's.

Now Arjun Singh has introduced a bill which seeks to amend some functions of the UGC and to make all universities completely autonomous. This bill is under discussion in the parliament, in the parliamentary committee. Autonomous universities will be completely free from Government regulations. No grants will be issued to universities from now on. Whatever kind of education these universities aim to provide, be it professional or higher education, they will be permitted to provide, by giving them the right to exact exorbitant fees. Thus the poor will be systematically debarred from getting professional education and higher education.
The poor will be unable to seek admission to professional courses like Engineering, Medical, MBA etc as he will not have the capacity to pay 10-15 lakh rupees annually for such courses.

They have started a campaign named, "Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan"
This campaign says that all children shall be educated till the 8th standard. Students shall be promoted from one standard to the following higher standard without conducting any sort of examination. In such way a student will be gradually promoted to standard eight. These students will not be able to write even their own names. Such will be the kind of education without examinations. Even a 8th standard pass student shall not be able to write his father's name.

Exams are conducted for the development of Merit. A student has to necessarily study for the examinations which leads to development of merit in him. With this merit our people can compete with them. But this is not being allowed to happen.

In Maharashtra, in Marathi, we call this method of promoting students without subjecting them to examinations as, "Dhakkal Pass". 
This will retard the development of the minds of our people. Our people will not be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. They will not be able to think logically. They will not be able to compare and study. They will lack ability to analyse and assess things. They will not be able to form their own opinions. They will be incompetent to draw inferences and conclusions. Thus they will be totally incapacitated to make any decision. A leader is essentially a person who can make decisions.
A leader is able to make his progress and his community's as well.

They want to convert us into a herd of animals. Not many people are required to drive a herd of animals.
I want to mention an incident regarding the 'Rabbari-Bharwar' community in Gujarat. Once a jeep driver who was carrying extra passengers was caught by a constable and brought before the Inspector. The driver explained that he was only carrying 9 passengers. The Inspector asked the constable how many passengers did the driver actually carried in his jeep. The constable replied that the jeep carried 15 passengers. The driver then explained that he was carrying only 9 passengers because the rest of the persons belonged to the 'Rabbari-Bharwar' community.

They do not even consider these people as passengers. Such is their plight!
Can we expect the ruling castes even to consider these people as human beings? A 'Rabbari-Bharwar' drives a herd/flock of sheep and cattle. But now our people will be dumb driven cattle for the ruling castes.

By debarring us from getting Higher and Professional education they are planning absolute devastation of our people.

Most of the people employed in the retail sector in India belong the the OBC's and the Muslims. 4 Crore people have got self-employment in the Retail Sector. The Government does not want to provide employment in the Government Sector and the Public Undertaking Sector. Even Self-Employment in the Retail Sector is being systematically ended. Big Malls and Outlets will slowly destroy whatever self employment our people had in the Retail sector. Now Ambani will sell 'spinach' in his Malls. He will send his trucks directly to the farms and purchase vegetables from the farmers. The trucks will carry those vegetables to the respective malls. Ordinary vegetable-sellers will not get any vegetables to sell in the market. They will lose their employment. Thus the Industrialists will takeover completely the Retail market of India. 4 crore people, mostly belonging to the Other Backward Classes and the Minorities will be directly affected and they will lose their work. 
Our future and our physical world will be controlled by the Industrialists. This is nothing but slavery.

Our Mulnivasi India will be plunged into the mire of slavery. It means that the first stage as well as the second stage of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalization is a conspiracy to enslave the Mulnivasi Indians and Our Mulnivasi Bharat. These programmes are not being implemented to make India great but to enslave India. Our highly educated people such as IASs, IPSs, IRSs, Doctors, Engineers, and Lawyers etc say that it is not possible to oppose LPG. 

In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004 ordinary people brought down the Government of Bharatiya Janata Party and Atal Bihari Vajpayee was brought down on the road. Just by the ordinary people of India!

Congress was brought to power but the ordinary people wanted a complete halt to Privatisation. But the Congress Party continued with Privatisation. In the recent elections to the 5 states Congress was completely defeated. After that elections took place in another three states in which Congress lost again. Now there are impending elections in Uttar Pradesh. Newspapers are already saying that Congress will be number 4 party in UP. Such is the miserable state of Congress before the UP elections! And such will be its plight even after the UP elections.

Ordinary people have brought them down on the roads. Ordinary people have shown that they have the capacity to oppose. But our educated people who have the required intellectual capacity say that it is not possible to oppose LPG! They are nothing but offspring of Eunuchs! Normally Eunuchs are not capable to produce children. Eunuchs are not capable of producing children but still these educated people (who say that it is not possible to oppose Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation) are the offspring of Eunuchs. It means that they are bastards. A bastard is a person who has two fathers. 

Ordinary people opposed these programmes in Nandigram in West Bengal. Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, CM of W. Bengal was forced to take back his decision to create SEZ in Nandigram. The Central Government was forced to change its programme of SEZ. 
If people are awakened and prepared it is possible. This is a dangerous situation for the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. 
It is possible to oppose all this. It is possible to fightback and repel this attack on the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj.
Our forefathers and our leaders had created a Nation-wide Movement for our independence. But this movement was destroyed by Congress, Gandhi and the stooges of the Congress.

On this occasion we pledge to resurrect the movement of our leaders. To resurrect the movement of our leaders we need five types of means and resources- time, talent, money, labour and brains. All these have to be given to resurrect the movement. If you contribute these above mentioned resources you can resurrect the Nation-wide movement of our great leaders. That movement had given us constitutional rights and had removed us from the mire of slavery. That movement needs to be resurrected. We will organize such programmes in various regions and capitals of various states of this country. This will be nation-wide programme. We pledge to spread this movement in all the regions of India. A similar programme of state level will be held in Rajkot in Gujarat. We will utilize our full strength in Gujarat to organize this programme.


Speaking further he said that most of the in tellectuals or employees knew that after every 10 years the reservation gets extended for another 10 years. But they don't know which reservation gets extended. There are two types of reservation. One is political reservation and other is related to service or employment. After every 10 years the political reservation gets extended, but our employees thinks that the reservation in service gets extended. Article 330 and 332 only gets amended after every 10 years. Even our advocates arc unaware of this development, what to talk of other employees or common man? The Arya Brahmimcal toilet papers also propagates that the reservation in services has been extended for 10 years. Even prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpeyee annouched in his speech on 15th August that the res ervation has been extended for another 10 years. His speech is listened by crores of people, wheareas my voice is listened by 500 delegates attending this con vention. Also these 500 delegates after listening the speech even don't propagate it in field. They keep the views with themselves. That is the problem. Reservation is getting ended day by day. But our people arc totally unaware of it. They don't know how it is going towards end. What conspiracies had been played and is being played to get it sabotaged, our people are not knowing. If the beneficiaries of reservations are not knowing the root cause of sabo taging the reservation, how they will stood against the enemies who are playing the conspiracies. 

Our people also don't know about their ori gin and their own history By knowing history one will come to know who is the creator of reservation and who is the destroyer of it. In 1982 there was some anti-reservation movement in Gujarat I went there for addressing some program. One of the professor present in the gathering approached me and asked me that Gandhiji had given us reservation, but I am not getting why the people in Gujarat are demonstrat ing near the statue of Gandhiji and that too against the reservation. I told him that the people sitting infront of the Gandhiji's statue are not mad. they are doing write thing, because they know their history. They arc well aware that Gandhiji was the pioneer of anti reservation movement Gandhiji was the first person who went for fast for opposing the political reserva tion which Dr. Ambedkar snatched it from the Britishers. The fast resulted into creating nationwide public opinion in favour of anti-reservation and also in favour of Gandhiji The demon who has been awak ened today is the same demon which was awaken by Gandhiji There are three types of reservation. One is political reservation through which 119 SC/ST MP's gets elected in the parliament and also 1050 MLA's get elected Second is reservation in services. Third is the reservation in education, specially professional education Speciality among all these three types of reservation is that the political reservation is get implimcntcd cent percent. The reservation in services and educated is not implemented. Ther^e is not any demand from the society to extend the political reser vation, but still after even 10 years it gets extended to further 10 years. Because this political reservation helps in creating stooges, which can dance to their tunes. 

There are hundreds of constitutional judge ment/provisions, but not a single rule even atter 54 years of independane had been made for implement ing reservation. There is only executive order. There is no act If there could have been any act, then there would have the provision of punishment for non-imple-mcnting the act There is a provision of punishment for roberry. murder, but still the roberry or murder had not stopped till date. As far as reservation con ccrned. there is no act, then hofv it yvill get imple mented or how anybody will get punished. All the executives arc knowing that there is no rule or act made in the constitution for non-implementing the res ervation, then why should we worry? Why he should implement it. if there in no provision of punishment? There are hundreds of examplcs of how these Arya Brahmins had sabotaged reservation and brought towards its logical end Previously there was vacancy based roster, which was benefiting SC/ST/OBC people. In this system whatever the posts it may be. but it was divided as per reservation percentage meant for SC/ST/OBC & General. Since this system was benefiting the indigenous and more and more people were getting benefit of it. 

Soon our enemy changed the vacancy based roster system into post based ros ter system. In this system every post is assigned to particular category and for getting one SC seat, there should be atleast 8 scats of employment. Among 8 seats, the 7th no. will be given to SC category and 13th one to ST category If there are less than 7 ap pointments at a time, not a single one will be given to SC/ST This way they are play ing the conspiracy. Previously all the 7 seats were distributed among SC/ ST/OBC and General. But by this new 200 point ros ter system only general condidates will get benefit, and not the Indigenous one. Also there is 50% job reservation for 15% general category people. But by this 200 point roster system this 50% reservation will rise to 75 to 85%. Mulnivasi Bahujans, who consti tutes 85% of the population will get 15% reservation. They had also cancelled reservation in single post. They had also given the decision that their will be no reservation in super specialty courses, military, judi ciary areas. Our enemy has one typical answer for every question and that is The candidates are not available and those who are available are no suit able". Now they had even crossed this limit. There was one recent-example in Delhi Subordinate ser vice selections Board's(DSSSB) appointments. DSSSB had brought new circular say ing that the mi grated people will not get any benefit of reservation in Delhi. There was one candidate who originally be longed to Uttar Pradesh but now settled in Delhi. He belonged to Chamar caste He applied for the teach ers post and ranked in the General list. He was among the toppers of General candidates But still he did not get selected as teacher. 

The reason that was told was while filling up the application form the candidate had declared himself as Chamar and that too of Uttar Pradesh, so he is migrant from UP to Delhi. Since he is migrant, he will not get any reservation benefit. So he will be considered as general. But he will also not get the general seat, though he has ranked himself in the general list, because he has declared himself as Chamar in the application form So he is neither a Chamar by caste nor he is considered in general list. So who he is Is the question before us. 

Last year prime minister Atal Bihari declared in parliament to fill up 3 lakh 57 thousands backlog vacancies. When this issue was brought up for dis cussion in the parliament. Mr Ram Jethmalani was a law minister. One of the parliamentarian asked a simple question to Jethmalanijii that what is the deadline he had put to fill up the backlog vacancies To this Jethmalaniji said that he have not yet thought of it. That assurance is still on the record of parliament and to our information till date no vacancy have been filled out of 3 lakh 57 thousand vacancies. But the reality is something else. The rulling caste conspiried something else and propagated something else in the media. Before this rule there was no 50% ceiling on reservation word in the constitution, but by taking our names Atal Bihari very smoothly introduced the "50% ceiling" word in the constitution and the supreme Court ruling had changed it into constitutional provision and now has became mandatory for one and all. 

There is provision of reservation in Bihar state for most Backward classes. But there is no reserva tion at cenral level jobs for most backward classes, as center has not prepared any list of most Back ward class There is almost 10 crore population of most Backward classes throughtout India among the population of 102 crore of India The population of America is 25 crore. So almost half of the population of America is the population of most Backward classes in India In Maharashra State these tribes are called under the name of NT.DT. VJNT. 

One new development had arisen and that I came to know from one of the full time activist from Kerala. He passed on the information that the state Government had excluded the names of 5 castes from the scheduled caste list of Kerala. The state Govern ment is not the authentic authority to exclude any body's name from the list. There is congress Govt. in Kerala. Same is the government in Delhi. Our people are nearer to congress. They are fan of congress. Our people elected the congress Govt. in Delhi and now inturn they are ending the reservation system itself on which the SC/ST/OBC people are standing. The Delhi Govt. had brought back new policy. They had observed that more than 9.5% people of Delhi is the migrant one. And those people who had migrated from other developed states are awakening the soci ety, which will be dangerous to them in coming fu ture. So they came out with new policy. They had brought the new circular that the other state SC/ST/ OBC people will not get the reservation benefit in Delhi and resident of Delhi will be considered to those who had came to Delhi before 20/09/1951. So it is an unimaginable task as there was no documentation in 1951 and if by any chance it would have been there, then one will not get it after 52 years. Our enemy is very clear. They don't want to give reservation to the residents of Delhi as well as to the migrants. So there will be 100% reservation of seats for the general cat egory candidates. And the Mulnivasi Bahujans will get nothing. So 100% reservation will be there for 15% general people. So where we are? All the forth coming generations will become handicap and indi rectly will become slave of Arya Brahmins. 

So it is the duty of every Mulnivasi Bahujan to awaken their co-brothers on this particular issue and form their own strength to fight against their pre determined enemy. 

National Issues And Speeches
 
The Backward class didn't recognise themselves as Shudras is the root cause of their mental Slavery

Elaborating the basic cause of organizing the convention Mr. Waman Meshram said that or ganizing a convention is not the objective before the organization. BAMCEF had its specific objec tive behind organizing, any type of program or con vention and that objective is to establish the nation wide network BAMCEF had chalked out a broad networking programme and had applied specific strat egies to implement it. For example, the convention has been organized in Bhopal and we are discuss ing the problems of those people who are residing in 6.5 lakh villages. It means that there is a wide gap of communication between the people who had gathered here in the convention and the people who are residing in villages. Unless and until the gap is filled up, none of the movement is going to get success or rather it cannot be established. HENCE, BAMCEF had planned to spread its social net work in all the villages were the indigenous are re siding. Geographically India is divided into 583 Districts, 5500 Tahsils and 6.5 lakh villages. In the first phase, the network will spread in almost 550 districts by the year 2004.

The first phase program was started in 1.999 and will complete in 2004. Bv this time, the network will also spread in 2000 Tahsils. The second phase will start from 2005 to 2009. Thus, there are two-phase programs each of 5 years. In the 16th national convention which was organized at Patna(Bihar) in 1999. the field-work was done in 24 States and 140 Districts Out of these, delegates from 23 states and 119 districts participated in the convention. The persons who says that your ideology, objective, programs are good, but are not physically with us we don't con sider them with us. This is the principle we had kept for us. The next 17th national convention was organized in the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. For this the fieldwork was done in 24 states and 226 dis tricts of India. Out of these, delegates from 24 states and 191 districts participated in the convention. Thus, there was a rise of network in 72 more districts within a year. In the year 2001, the 18th national convention was organized in the heart of India, New Delhi For this convention, the field work done in almost 300 districts and in 26 states. In this convention, there was a participation of 276 districts of 26 states. So there was a rise of 85 more districts. In the forth coming 19th national convention at Patna, planning has been done to do the fieldwork in 450 districts For this almost 70 full time workers are already in the field. One full time worker is supposed to work in 3 new districts So new 2 10 districts and earner 276 districts will constitute the participation of 486 districts in the Patna convention If the networking program is continued with the same speed then by 2004 BAMCEF will be established in 550 districts and 2000 Tahsils. By this strength we will be able to generate almost 5 crore rupees Also, by this time the no. of full timers will reach upto 550. Almost 2 crores will be spend on these full timers This will be the first phase of the program. This strength will be the foundation of the program for the second phase. In the next phase by the year 2009, the network will spread in 5 thousand Tahsils By 2007. it willTeach to 50 thousand blocks and by 2009. the network will be spread in 6 lakh villages. Like this, all the units will get activated The planning which we had made, unless and until it is implemented with respect to time, it will be of no use. So to check our strength and access ourselves, the state conventions are or ganized regularly. This is a part of geographical net working.

The second program is of the social networking. We had started special campaign to awaken the most backward castes within Scheduled castes. This year we had planned to organize 8 state level tribal conventions. Two conventions had already over and by November 2002 Six, more will be or ganized. The Other Backward Class constitutes of three important sections of most backward class, backward class and the converted minority class. All these sections are included in the OBC list of Mandal commission. For the most backward class two days national convention has been organized at Lucknow on 27th and 28th September. This year's national convention at Patna will be of five days In these five days, one day will be Hilly devoted for the other backward class and also one complete day convention will be for converted minorities. This will help in establishing and strengthening our social net¬work. To have more impact on social networking the national level convention of Indigenous Doctors, Advocates, Engineers, Officers and Pensioners had been organized in Kolkatta on 9th and 10th August. Previously we were organizing only one national convention, but this year we had organized four na tional level conventions. One can easily imagine how the geographical as well as social networking pro gram of BAMCEF had speeded up. So, conven tions are basically organized to train the caders and to form a nationwide organization of the indigenous people. 

BAMCEF had not only stop with these pro grams but simultaneously is developing the media of indigenous people. The propagation media includes Print media, Electronic media, Traditional media, and vo'cal media. The most powerful among this is Elec tronic media. So BAMCEF had planned to estab lish its Electronic media and already put two retired Doordarshan directors committee had been formed and instructed to submit the report by Dec. 2002. The report will include the information regarding when can be the channel will get start, how much finance will be required, what will be the technical and manpower requirement etc The committee will identify the problems and will come out with full re port by Dec. 2002. If the networking program reaches to 6 lakh villages and if two activist are cre ated within a village then there will be a force of 12 lakh people and almost 3 lakh activist from district levels are with them, then the force will be of 15 lakhs. Out of these if one activist prepares 15 near est people to him then the force will be of 90 lakh and if earlier 15 lakh are added, then it will become a force of 1 crore 5 lakh people by 2009 So we will be having 1 crore 15 lakh people to read our newspapers. To cope up with the requirement of these people their will be need of almost 100 dailies. We should have one daily running in 5 districts and there should be atleast 1 lakh readers The work of print media is going to start by Dec. 2004 from New Delhi. We should also have our own traditional me dia. Arya-brahmins had made our people to listen and listen. We should utilize their already created listening capability of our people and should start our own traditional media and start propagating the stories of our fore fathers. For this traditional media the people's literature, their culture, behavior and fore fathers stories can be collected and can be propa gated so as to reach our people. For this we had already planned to open up one research institute. 

The fourth media is the vocal media For this almost 10 lakh people youths will be trained with some information and will be send in different parts of the country. If the 10-lakh people are creating atleast one new activist then in a day 10 lakh people will get prepared.
All this geographical, social networking and creation of our own media will create a force(power) and strength, which will be cumulated and will be utilized at proper time. This will be our battle of in dependence. We don't believe in the 1947 indepen dent movement. It was not ours, but it was the move ment of arya-brahmins to establish their supremacy After 1947, one foreigner had left and another foreigner(Arya-Brahmins) had replaced it The other foreigner propagated that India had become inde pendence, which is not true. Still we are the slaves of arya-brahmins and we have to become indepen dent. So, the preparation is for the independent movement. Or biggest problem is that we expect quick results. We think that this is the problem and it should be get settled by evening. We think that by evening we should get respect, self-rule etc. We think that we should be liberated from our slavery. But it is not going to happen. We are not prepared for the same. Some of us may be prepared, but as a society, we are not. To remove this unprepared ness we had initiated the program of networking. For making the desired goal of networking a success, the zonal, state, national conventions are organized. 

Speaking further on the topic Mr. Waman Meshram said that We are not forcing the other backward class to believe that they are Shudras. Our first and foremost appeal to them is that atleast they should try to know that they are shudras. The other backward class person who identify himself as Shudra, directly or indirectly he accepts the Varna system. The OBC should have the information about who had made them Shudra. Today the biggest problem is that they don't have any information re garding this. For the same the said topic was de cided to debate and discuss so that the mental block age is minimized and the networking is increased. 

In one of Jhe program in Saharanpur, I said that the OBC's don't believe that they are shudras The Brahmins had made them shudras. Some Saini caste(OBC) people were sitting between the mass. They immediately stood up and one doctor asked me why I want to make the OBC's Shudras. For them I replied that whom I am to make you shudra. It is the right of arya-brahmins and not mine. To be come Shudra is a matter of social status and all the dharmashastras had given this right to Brahmins. I am only saying that the fourth Varna people in the Varna system are shudras. I asked them that the Saini people believed that they are backward, but have you ever tried to know what is the reason of your backwardness. Have you given a thought over it ?. Rashtrapita Jotirao Phuley gave the concept of Shudra-atishudra Vs. Shetaji Bhataji. Though he was less literate but still he was identifying himself as a Shudra. But it is very strange that today's intellec tual class don't realize the truth that they are shudras. You even don't know that Brahmins had made your social status as Shudra. Rashtrapita Jotirao Phuley realised that he was shudra in 1848 but even after 150 years, our people are not recognizing the truth 

Dr. Ambedkar devoted the book "Who were the Shudras" to Rashtrapita Jotirao Phuley In the Preface page Dr. Ambedkar write that this book is devoted to the greatest Shudra of India, Jotirao Phuley, who realised that social change shall pre cede before political change. As Jotirao Phuley was knowing that OBC's are Shudras, same was the case of Dr. Ambedkar. But it is very pity situation today that even after 150 years we don't know that we are Shudras. The backward class don't recognize their backwardness even they don't have any infor¬mation regarding this. So unless and until they have information, how they will realize their backward¬ness. That means those people who want to make the OBC recognize their backwardness, should pass on the relevant information which is given in all the Dharma Shastras that they are shudras. 

In the Bihar state, one can see that some of the barbers put the title of Sharma. Also, there are organizations like "Kshatriya Kurmi Mahasabha", "Kshatriya Yadav Mahasabha", "Kshatriya Mali Mahasabha" etc. Now when you recognize your self as Kshatriya then the problem arises that then you can't recognize yourself as 'Backward'. Unless and until you recognize yourself as backward, you will not get reservation benefit. If you want reserva tionthenyou can't recognize yourself as Kshatriya. The Kshatriya word is attached to backwards like a . "tail. The backwards realize that by putting the title they are just like Brahmins or equal to Brahmins. But Brahmins don't recognize the backwards as Brahmins. They recognize them as Shudras. Also the Kshatriyas don't recognize the backwards as Kshatriya and same is with Vaishyas. Chief Minister Narendra Modi of Gujarat belongs to Ghisadi caste. The people of this caste are doing the business of making OIL. Our people should have social infor mation rather than bookish information. One of the caste which is in Scheduled caste, the same caste is in the list of OBC in Andhra Pradesh. In Delhi, Rajasthan and Bihar the Koli caste belongs to Sched uled caste. But in Gujarat and Maharashtra the same caste is in the list of OBC. Among all states Bihar is the state where 6 castes people says themselves as Baniya. Hence I am repeatedly saying that most of the backward class people believes that they are Brahmin, Baniya, Kshatriya and Vaishya. That is the reason why the backward class people were de prived of reservation for 42 years in Independent India. When the backward class people are not in a position to identify themselves as Backwards, how will they get the reservation rights The backward class people are neither Brahmins, Khastriyas, Vaishyas nor Scheduled caste or Scheduled tribes. Then in the Varna system the only Varna left is the Shudra Varna. Hence there is no doubt that they are Shudras. 

Chanakya killed Nand through Chandragupt. After that the Purans were written. In Purans it is written that there are only two Varna left. One is Brahmin and the other Shudra. If except Brahmins all are shudras then from were Shudras had came is the question that is raised before us. Dr. Ambedkar in his book "Revolution and counter revolution" and in the chapter Philosophy of Hinduism in it had writ ten one story. Parshuram had killed the Kshatriyas 21 times. But it is a very strange situation to under stand. If the Kshatriyas were killed for first time, who were left for the last 20 times is the issue to be analysed. In the Dharma Shastras it is written it is written that when the Kshtriyas were killed their wives became widow. These widow Kshataraniyas went to Brahmins and made a compassion that the Earth cannot be left without Kshatriyas, so please born Kshatriyas from us. Brahmins listened to their pity and thus new Kshatriyas were borne. This is the documental proofs written in the Brahmanical Dharma Shastras. If this thing is true and the situa tion is applied today, then the so called backwards who call themselves as Kshatriyas are the sons of illegitimates (rascals/bastards) Hence it is the duty of every individual to make aware the OBC's and provide them information. 

Another reason why the OBC's don't rec ognize themselves as Shudras is that the scheduled caste people considers themselves as Shudras Dr. Ambedkar in the book "Who were the Shudras" had written that OBC's are Shudras He had also written a separate book on "Who were the untouch ables". This means that Shudras and Untouchables are different. This concept was very much clear to Dr. Ambedkar. But the same is not clear with their followers who proudly says that they are the follow ers of Dr. Ambedkar. Also those who were know ing that they are not shudras, don't share their think ing with others. Those who were Buddhist and re ject the supremacy of Brahmins, these people were forced in the fold of untouchables. Those Buddhist who accepted the terms and conditions of arya-brahmins were forced in the fourth Varna as shudra As the untouchables were identifying themselves as Shudras, so OBC's were not considering themselves as shudras This resulted in a wide gap between OBC's and SC/ST's instead of any polarization 

When the Brahmins were calling the back wards as Shudras, there was a quick reaction from OBC's and this resulted in a great movement of OBC's in the past. Brahmins analysed the situation and understood that the reaction is due to the word Shudra, so it needs to be changed. So the Brahmins stop calling backwards as Shudras. The reaction was also stopped. Though Brahmins stop calling back wards as Shudras, but they don't stop recognizing backwards as Shudras. As soon as Brahmins stop calling the backwards as Shudras, there was no re action from Shudras and as there was no reaction, there was no rise of movement of OBC's And ulti mately the OBC movement get collapsed 

Arya-Brahmins instead of calling the backwards as Shudras, they start calling them as "'Hindu". By saying Hindu there is no recognisation of any abuse. Instead of any negative reaction the reaction was turned up in a positive way to Brah mins. And as the time passed away the equation of Brahmin and OBC's was materialized in modern India. Independent India There was a unwritten compromise between these two groups and that was, The state rule will be handed over to OBC's and the OBC's will never claim for the central rule in Delhi. For example, when Chowdhari Charan Singh, a Jat (OBC) left the Janta party, Congress gave support to become the prime Minister. As soon as Chowdhari Charan Singh-were sworn as Prime Min ister, Congress withdrawn their support. When the reason of withdrawing the support was asked by Charan Singh, Mrs.Indira Gandhi replied that the support was only fro becoming Prime Minister and not for running the government, so we had with drawn it. 

Sharad Pawar(OBC) was the mem ber of Congress working committee When he tried
to speak in the Congress working committee, he was thrown away from the meeting. These persons Chowdhari Charan Singh, Sharad Pawar. H D.DeveiiOwda did not followed the unwritten
compromise hence were thrown away As alreadv Brahmins were calling the backwards as Hindu in stead of Shudra. so there was no! any chance of ami reaction against another Hindu The rulling castes. though they don't identify themselves as Hindu) Until now since there was not any reaction from Shudras, the Brahmins were getting support of 52 % OBC's and hence were easily in a position to capture Delhi Also this resulted in non-recognisation of backwards 
as shudras. They start recognizing themselves as Hindu. But by saying Hindu, can the social status of Backward class is put to an end. By saying Hindu to ourselves we have to give our consent for the Brah min dharma. Indirectly you are accepting the Varna system. If it is so then your social status of Shudra is not going to be changed. This means that the back wards are remaining as Shudras even though they call themselves as Hindu. This creates the mental slavery to accept the Brahmin dharma. Brahmin never identify themselves as Hindu. When in 12th century the Brahmins were defeated by Mugals, they offered the name of Hindu(the defeated people) to Brahmins, but they straight away refused the name and said that they had also defeated the indigenous people of India, so they are not defeaters. That's why Brahmins refused to pay the Jijiya tax which was implemented by Mugals in India. But today they are propagating the slogan "Say proudly that we are Shudras" in the backward regions and not in their own areas. Because they are in a need of a force to demolish the Babri mosque and they are in a minor ity(3.5%). So as a force they want to utilize OBC's(52%). In the warfare when the OBC force is won, indirectly the Brahmin dharma is won. Take the example of Gujarat. On one side the OBC's, SC's are burning the houses of Muslims and at the other end Muslims are burning the houses of SC's and OBC's. But the SC's and OBC's are fighting between themselves and this helps Brahmins to cap ture the Delhi rule. Muslims are the converted people from SC's/ST's and OBC's. So all the indigenous brothers are fighting between themselves. Both the Congress and BJP utilize the SC's and OBC's for their own interest. 

Our problem is, if the information that the backwards are Shudras is not reached to OBC's then how they will recognize themselves as Shudras. When there is no information then how there will be awareness. If there is no awareness then the organi zation will not be developed. If there is no organiza tion then form where will be the Action? When there will not be any action how there will be a revolu tion9 So all the problems are inter linked. Though the problem is seen as a small problem but it is not the small one; IF it is thoroughly analysed then one
can understand that this problem is the biggest ob stacle in the revolution. So this problem will have to be sorted out and it will be possible only by providing information to the backwards so that they can recognize themselves as Shudras and indigenous and a nationwide movement can be developed.

Denunciation of Poona Pact

The untouchables were forced to sign the Poona Pact under the impact of the coercive fast of Mr.Gandhi. Dr. Ambedkar denounced it the very next day expressing his views, "The untouchables were sad. They had every reason to be sad." He kept denouncing it till the end of his life in 1956. He denounced it in private discussions, public meetings, relevant writings, in fact on all the occasions that demanded denunciation.

As an illustration of the denunciation by Babasahab Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, some quotations from his two books 
1] What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables, published in 1945 
2] States and Minorities, published in 1947, are given below:

  1. "There was nothing noble in the fast. It was a foul and filthy act. The fast was not for the benefit of the Untouchables. It was against them and was the worst form of coercion against helpless people to give up the constitutional safeguards of which they had been possessed under the Prime Minister's Award and agree to live on the mercy of the Hindus. It was a vile and wicked act. How can the untouchables regard such a man as honest and sincere?"
  2. "The communal award gave the Untouchables two benefits:
    1. A fixed quota of seats to be elected by separate electorate of untouchables and to be filled by persons belonging to the untouchables.
    2. Double vote, one to be used through separate electorates and the other to be used in the general electorates.
    Now, if the Poona Pact increased the quota of seats for the untouchables it took away the right to the double vote given to them by the communal award. This increase in seats can never be deemed to be a compensation for the loss of the double vote. The second vote given by the Communal award was a priceless privilege. Its value as a political weapon was beyond reckoning."
  3. "Today the untouchables have a few more seats than were given to them by the communal award. But this is all that they have. Every other member is indifferent, if not hostile. If the communal award with its system of double voting had remained, the untouchables would have had a few seats less but every other member would have been a member for the untouchables. The increase in the number of seats for the untouchables is no increase at all and no recompense for the loss of separate electorate and the double vote."
  4. 4. "Clause (5) of the Poona Pact has limited the system of Primary election to ten years which means that any election taking place after 1947 will be by a system of Joint Electorates and reserved seats pure and simple." "Things will be much worse under the system of joint electorates and reserved seats which will hereafter become operative under the terms of the Poona Pact. This is no mere speculation. The last election has conclusively proved that the Scheduled Castes can be completely disfranchised in a joint electorate."
  5. "The Poona Pact has produced different reactions. The untouchables were sad. They had every reason to be."
  6. "In the light of these circumstances, it cannot but appears that the Poona pact was only the first blow inflicted upon the untouchables and the Hindus who disliked it were bent on inflicting on it other blow as and when circumstances gave them an occasion to do so."
  7. "After having accepted the Poona Pact, why did not Mr.Gandhi keep faith with the untouchables by telling the Congress not to despoil the politics of the Untouchables by contesting the seats reserved for the Untouchables by getting such untouchables elected as were prepared to become the tools of the Hindus?"
  8. "After having accepted the Poona Pact why did not Mr.Gandhi keep up the gentleman's agreement and instruct the Congress High Command to include representatives of the Untouchables in the Congress Cabinets?"
  9. "This shows that Mr.Gandhi notwithstanding his being a party to the Poona pact is determined not to allow the Scheduled Castes being given the status of a separate element and that he is prepared to adopt any argument however desperate to justify his attitude of opposition".
  10. In short Mr.Gandhi is still on the war path so far as the untouchables are concerned. He may start the trouble all over again. The time to trust him has not arrived. The untouchables must still hold that the best way to safeguard themselves is to say 'Beware of Mr. Gandhi'.
  11. "The second misdeed of the Congress was to subject the Untouchable Congressmen to the rigours of party discipline. They were completely under the control of the Congress party Executive. They could not ask a question which it did not like. They could not move a resolution which it did not permit. They could not bring in legislation to which it objected. They could not vote as they wished and could not speak what they felt. They were there as dumb driven cattle. One of the objects of obtaining representation in the Legislature for the Untouchables is to enable them to ventilate their grievances and to obtain redress for their wrongs. The Congress successfully and effectively prevented this from happening."
  12. "To end this long and sad story the Congress sucked the juice out of the Poona Pact and threw the rind in the face of the untouchables."
  13. "The Poona Pact has completely disfranchised the Scheduled Castes in as much as candidates whom they rejected in the Primary election-which is a true index of their will-have been returned in the Final election by the votes of the Castes Hindus."
  14. "The Poona Pact is thus fraught with mischief. It was accepted because of the coercive fast of Mr.Gandhi and because of assurance given at the time that the Hindus will not interfere in the election of Scheduled Castes."
  15. "The Joint Electorate is from the point of the Hindus to use a familiar phrase a "Rotten Borough" in which the Hindus get the right to nominate an untouchable to set nominally as a representative of the untouchables but really as a tool of the Hindus"

Dr.B.R.Ambedkar






14 AUG, 2011, 05.52PM IST, TNN

Can Anna Hazare guarantee Lokpal would end all corruption in India? asks government

Pic courtesy: PTI

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NEW DELHI: The Union government on Sunday launched a broadside against Anna Hazare who has vowed to go on a fast from Tuesday over the Lokpal issue.


A Group of Ministers on Sunday addressed the media over the proposed fast of Anna Hazare from August 16.


Information and broadcasting minister Ambika Soni on Sunday said that the proposed Lokpal Bill would not end all corruption in India.


Taking a dig at Anna Hazare, Soni asked whether Anna Hazare would provide a guarantee that all corruption would end in India once the Lokpal Bill is passed. "Anna and his team are misleading the nation.'


"The right to protest does not mean a right to protest at the place of your choice", Union HRD minister Kapil Sibal said. "Rights come with corresponding responsibility," Sibal said.


Kapil Sibal said that Anna is a publicity seeker and wants to be covered by TV and news media. He also said that the Team Anna's outrage against the Prime Minister is completely unjustified.


Replying to the charges of the govt being undemocratic, Sibal said that no one is more undemocratic than Team Anna.


"Who is financing Anna Hazare's campaign?" Kabil Sibal asked.


"So far as the Constitution is concerned, it is the state authority to make laws and not a third authority. Nobody can be compelled that a law has to be drafted as per his or her desire. It is for Parliament to decide," Mukherjee told reporters in Kolkata.


"And what Anna Hazare is doing is akin to challenging the constitutional authority of Parliament which is not acceptable," the finance minister said a day after Hazare, who had sought Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's intervention over the conditions imposed for his indefinite fast from August 16, was snubbed by the PM and told to approach the Delhi Police.

More stories from this edition of Lokpal Bill


Dollar: Currency in Global Debate
How dollar was almost issued by India once
The global currency is in debate. 2 accounts explore the dollar's fascinating Indian historical connection and its global future.


http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/can-anna-hazare-guarantee-lokpal-would-end-all-corruption-in-india-asks-government/articleshow/9601141.cms
Corruption allegations against me baseless, says Anna Hazare
NEW DELHI: Terming the government's allegations of corruption against him as "baseless and false", social activist Anna Hazare Sunday dared the government to start a probe against him and said he will continue his fast until the charges are proved wrong.

"The government has made false allegations against me. The government so far had targeted all members of the civil society, including Shanti and Prashant Bhushan, Justice Santosh Hegde and Arvind Kejriwal, but me. Today they have targeted me," Hazare told reporters here.

The Congress Sunday targeted the 74-year-old activist, saying he was "neck deep in corruption" and has no right to talk about evading corruption.

"They (government) are liars and I am challenging the government to register a police complaint against me and start an inquiry. I am not afraid of any inquiry. I have decided that I will continue my fast till the false allegations against me are proven wrong," he said.

Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari made the corruption allegations against Hazare citing the Justice Sawant Committee report that probed the trusts run by him.

Quoting the Justice Sawant panel report, Hazare said that nowhere has the report taken his name.

14 AUG, 2011, 06.19PM IST,

Dollar to stay on top for another fifty years

By Jamal Mecklai

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People have been talking about the decline of the dollar for a long time now. Indeed, its value has certainly been declining, since the US dollar index (DXY) peaked at around 120 in 2002, it has been largely a one-way street, with its current level of 70-75 representing a nearly 40% fall in value in about 10 years.


Now, I don't know about you, but to me that is a huge decline. And if there's one thing I've learned from being in markets for a long time is that nothing, nothing, moves in one direction forever.


My sense is, and has been for a few months, actually, that the dollar's long decline is coming to an end. In fact, the sharp volatility of the DXY in recent months also suggests that a long-term turning point may be on the cards. This may also explain why the recent, foolish, in my view, downgrade of US Treasury debt by S&P failed to push the dollar substantively lower.


In a direct rebuff to the downgrade, US Treasuries actually firmed up, confirming that the deepest, most liquid market in the world knows without a doubt that the credit rating agencies views are irrelevant.


TINA Factor


But, of course, the larger question is whether the dollar is on its way out as the currency of choice for central banks (who still hold the vast majority of their reserves in USD), for invoicing trade, as a borrowing and lending currency, and, generally, as a vehicle of comfort.


While in many ways, it has been the dollar's apparently permanent decline that has sparked this concern, there is another, more fundamental set of questions behind the thinking: why should the US have the privilege of borrowing from global investors in its own currency? And, as a corollary, doesn't this practice hold the world to ransom if/when, as now, US political behaviour gets out of hand?


The second question itself provides the answer: that it would not be appropriate to simply replace the dollar with another currency, say, the yuan, assuming the Chinese are able to develop their markets rapidly enough, since there would be no guarantee that that country's government would not misbehave, leading to a renewed global crisis.


Another idea being bruited about is to use some kind of meta-currency, akin to the special drawing rights (SDRs); however, here, too, there are structural threats, witness the terror-stricken eurozone, which is suffering under the strains of an imperfectly constructed currency.


The truth, then, appears to be that there is no structural alternative that will work any better than the current framework, which leaves us lurching from crisis to crisis, as the global economy remains hostage to domestic politics in one or other leading economy. Volatility and risk events are the price we pay for globalisation.

More stories from this edition of Sunday ET


http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/forex/dollar-to-stay-on-top-for-another-fifty-years/articleshow/9593616.cms
14 AUG, 2011, 07.01AM IST, VIKAS AGARWAL,ET BUREAU

Impact of US rating downgrade across global markets

BANGALORE: There has been plenty of nervousness and panic selling in the global stock markets since last week after the US raised its debt ceiling, followed by the US's credit rating being downgraded by S&P from AAA to AA+.


Risk appetite has reduced drastically in the markets and it resulted in panic selling . The economic data points suggest a much slower growth rate in the US economy than earlier predicted, and that has raised concerns of a double dip recession in the global markets again.


US debt ceiling


The concept of the debt ceiling started in the US long ago to provide more flexibility to financial matters there, and especially to support funding for its various domestic and international programmes. The US treasury can borrow money from various internal as well as external sources up to this defined limit called debt ceiling. The debt ceiling signifies the debt of the US government. The credit limit was raised many times over the last 10 years as the US drove various economic stimulus programmes and gave tax cuts to boost consumer confidence . It was critical to raise the debt ceiling as a default on interest payments will have had a serious impact on the US as well as global economies.


Credit rating


Credit rating evaluates the creditworthiness of an issuer of debt instruments (bonds, securities etc). The issuer can be a corporate house or a government. The credit rating signifies the likelihood of default by the issuer. It is arrived at by evaluating various quantitative as well as qualitative parameters of the issuer by the analysts of the credit rating agencies. The US government bonds were enjoying AAA credit rating which is the highest rating assigned by rating agencies. This means investments in US government bonds are highly secure. The downgrade from AAA to AA+ does not mean any drastic change in the debt security, but it raises an alarm on the deteriorating situation in the US due to high government debt, large fiscal deficit and slow growth rate in the economy.


Significant implications of the US credit rating cut :


Fiscal deficit


The US government is relying on borrowings to fund its various stimulus and spending programmes. Raising the debt ceiling allows the government to continue borrowing money and support its spending programmes. It means it will not be forced to take harsh measures to control the fiscal deficit. The total national debt has reached USD 14.3 trillion which is almost equal to the GDP of the US. The hike in the ceiling means the measures to control the fiscal deficit will be weak and the national debt will keep on growing in the short to medium terms.


Weaker dollar


The currency market is expected to remain volatile in the short to medium terms. The US dollar is expected to weaken against major world currencies as the government continues to maintain a soft monetary policy.


More stories from this edition of Financial Times


http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/financial-times/impact-of-us-rating-downgrade-across-global-markets/articleshow/9597344.cms

14 AUG, 2011, 07.00AM IST, VIKAS AGARWAL,ET BUREAU

Strategies for investors to take advantage of volatile market conditions

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BANGALORE: The markets have corrected quite substantially over the last couple of weeks due to global uncertainties. Since the economic and business fundamentals have not changed much for domestic companies, the correction in the markets should be viewed as an opportunity for investors to take fresh positions.


Here are some strategies for you in the current market conditions:


For short-term investors


The objective of a shortterm investor is to take advantage of the volatility and make money through short-term positions in equity . Since the markets are quite volatile, there are ample opportunities for short-term investors. However, it is important to remain cautious and maintain a tight stop-loss level for every short-term position to cut the loss in case a position turns loss-making .


For medium-term investors


The objective of a medium-term investor is to make money by picking emerging stocks with a couple of quarters' time horizon. Usually, medium-term investors do not get many rallies or correction phases during their investment tenures. Therefore, these investors should identify the right entry and exit levels for their investments. Medium-term investors should have a clear target and buy stocks in small quantities at every market dip to get a good average entry price. Such investors should look at exiting from their positions once the target is reached.


For long-term investors


Long-term investors take advantage of capital gains as a result of growth. It is important for long-term investors to go through an analysis on the company before making an investment , and track the performances of their stocks regularly. Sometimes, it is not possible to define or set an exit target for long-term positions. However, it is very important to track the macroeconomic conditions and business performances regularly to take exit decisions at the appropriate time. Long-term investors who cannot track the markets and related developments regularly would be better off investing in equity-based mutual funds.



Some points that investors should keep in mind while investing in equity and equity-based instruments:



Risk:


Investments in the stock markets come with the risk of loss of principal. Therefore, it is important for investors to invest only their risk capital in equity and equity-based instruments .


Returns expectations :


It is important to have realistic expectations while investing in equity-based instruments, and book profits once the target is achieved. Investors expecting unrealistic returns often invest in high-risk instruments and end up losing their hard-earned money.


Track developments :


It is always advisable to spend some time on tracking and understanding the economic developments. Investors should analyse the fundamentals of the stocks of their interest. Going through the various analysis and analyst comments available increases understanding of the overall market developments and helps in taking the right decisions.


Limit stocks:


Investors should not have too many stocks and instruments in their investment portfolios. Having a limited number of instruments in the portfolio makes it easy to track the performances of the instruments , and related developments .


Balance portfolio:


Investors should balance the portfolio based on risk appetite. It is important to diversify into various instruments such as insurance, debt and equity instruments. Investors should not get carried away by market waves and allocate a higher percentage of the total portfolio to equity-based instruments. Any decision to change the portfolio allocation should be taken after weighing the pros and cons carefully.

More stories from this edition of Financial Times


http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/financial-times/strategies-for-investors-to-take-advantage-of-volatile-market-conditions/articleshow/9597282.cms

14 AUG, 2011, 03.07AM IST, ET BUREAU

Freedom: What we have gained, what we have lost, what we want

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Ah, the good ol' days, our grandparents tell us. When politicians were noble, vegetables were cheaper, jobs were nine-to-five and children revered their parents. Our parents have different tales: of queuing up for ration, struggling to find a new job, living in a rented house, greasing the palms of linesmen to get a telephone line.


There are good stories too, of month-long holidays, one job in a lifetime and morning walks with neighbours. Ours will be a unique yarn: growing up in a resurgent India with inflation, computers, social networks, carpal tunnel, urban angst, overseas vacations and the opportunity to book our first apartment before we turn 35.


In India's story spanning these three generations, this chapter is likely to be the breathless one. It is definitely more exciting than our parents', if not as inspiring as our grandparents', which witnessed the birth of a nation.


What is it about our story that makes it fascinating? Freedom. Not the kind that creates new countries but that which enriches lives. For instance, the freedom to choose: our options to earn and spend have multiplied since the economy opened up in 1991. Or the freedom from boundaries: we can watch the latest Hollywood flick at the same time as the rest of world, buy a gadget launched in another continent and download the latest Lady Gaga hit on our iPods.


We've come far, and not without pain. Along the way, we lost some freedoms and gave up others willingly. The internet has robbed us of our anonymity. Targets have made us slaves of work. And the peace of isolation has been relegated to our fantasies.


At the end of this give and take of personal freedoms, where do we stand today? The benchmark is no longer where we started from, but where we dream to be. But the occasion is rooted in history. On the eve of the 64th anniversary of India's independence, discover what it means to be truly free.

More stories from this edition of Sunday ET


14 AUG, 2011, 06.41AM IST, SWAMINATHAN S A AIYAR,ET BUREAU

India's high savings rate and forex reserves will weather global economic troubles: Swaminathan S A Aiyar

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Given the global financial turmoil, India faces three possible outcomes - slow global growth, a borderline recession, and a financial crunch resulting in serious recession. I put the chances of slow growth at 65%, of borderline recession at 25%, and of serious recession at 5%. So, despite evident risks, stock market investors should treat the current turmoil as a buying opportunity rather than a signal to flee.

That makes me an optimist. The Economist feels there is a 50% chance of a recession. Ruchir Sharma of Morgan Stanley, who is a regular Economic Times columnist, feels the world will slide in and out of recession - the borderline scenario.

How will the three scenarios impact India? Consider first the worst scenario, a serious double-dip recession. Such recessions are rare, and usually brought on by strong-arm government action, wittingly or unwittingly. For instance the 1980-82 double-dip recession was deliberately engineered by US Fed chief Paul Volcker to crush inflation out of expectation no matter what the cost in lost jobs and output.

Political Worries

Ben Bernanke, head of the US Fed, has proved that he will throw the full weight of monetary policy behind preventing a double-dip recession. So, that battle is half won already. The Republicans want to squeeze government spending, but any such squeeze will be mild. Only if all OECD countries go for austerity simultaneously is global demand likely to dip sharply enough to engineer a serious recession. The only other driver of recession could be a truly ugly European financial crisis, leading to major bank failures. This is not impossible, but is very unlikely. Banks are better capitalised and much less leveraged than in 2008.

Political bungling is more likely to create a borderline recession. Continued political squabbling in the US over the government debt ceiling could spook investors and inhibit investment. So could European political squabbling over the future of the euro and the 17 countries using this common currency.

European politicians are understandably reluctant to let the eurozone shatter by allowing Greece and weaker countries to go bust. Yet the eurozone can be saved only if Germany, Holland and other fiscally strong countries agree to permanently help out regions in trouble, such as Greece and Portugal. This economic price is necessary to maintain the political vision of a unified Europe. This alone will cut to sustainable levels the interest rate on government bonds of Greece and other weak members.

Voters in northern Europe don't want to keep bailing out countries whom they regard as lazy and incompetent. One possible solution is to allow the issue of eurobonds guaranteed by all eurozone members, up to 60% of the GDP of each member. Such eurobonds will carry low interest rates because they are effectively guaranteed by Germany and other strong members.

Beyond 60% of GDP, government bonds will be unguaranteed, and so carry higher interest rates. This solution will mean a significantly higher interest rate for eurobonds issued by Germany, and this interest premium will be a non-transparent subsidy which transfers cash to weak members like Greece. This non-transparency may fool voters into thinking that guaranteed eurobonds are different from constant rescues.

More stories from this edition of Issues & Ideas


Life & Leisure
Cocktail conversations: Imperialism vs Colonialism
A colonialist is in for money but imperialist, while also interested in gains, has strong ideas about way of life, your way of life.
Investment Gurus
Europe a greater worry than US: Christopher Wood Strategist, CLSA
US & the rest of the West continue to display Japanese-style deflationary market action where stocksare correlated to government bond yields.
Entrepreneurs & Innovators
Mid-tier Indian cos who have acquired overseas in past 2 years
SMEs are buying companies globally. They don't hit headlines. But theirs are some of the most interesting M&A stories.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/indias-high-savings-rate-and-forex-reserves-will-weather-global-economic-troubles-swaminathan-s-a-aiyar/articleshow/9594382.cms

Independence Day (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Fifteenth of August" redirects here. For other uses, see August 15.

Independence Day
*

The national flag of india, on the Red fort in Delhi; a common sight on public and private buildings on national holidays like the 15th of August.

Also called

The Fifteenth of August

Observed by

India

Type

National

Significance

The day India became independent from British rule.

Date

August 15

Celebrations

Flag hoisting, Parades, Singing patriotic songs, Speech by thePrime Minister, Family reunions,Picnics, Kite flying


Independence Day of India is celebrated on Fifteen of August (15/8/47) to commemorate its independence from British rule and its birth as a sovereign nation in 1947.[1] The day is anational holiday in India. All over the country, flag-hoisting ceremonies are conducted by thelocal administration in attendance. The main event takes place in Delhi, the capital city of India, where the Prime Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and delivers a nationally televised speech from its ramparts. In his speech, he highlights the achievements of his government during the past year, raises important issues and gives a call for further development. The Prime Minister also pays his tribute to leaders of the freedom struggle.

[edit]Background

In 1946, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless India,[2][3]decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.

Map of India before Partition

As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less than seven months for a mutually agreed plan for independence. In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Pandit Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad,Mohammed Ali Jinnah, B. R. Ambedkar and Master Tara Singh agreed to a partition of the countryalong religious lines. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the new nation of Pakistan; the plan included a partition of the provinces of Punjab and Bengal.
Many millions of Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu refugees trekked across the newly drawn borders. In Punjab, where the new border lines divided the Sikh regions in half, massive bloodshed followed; in Bengal and Bihar, where Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was more limited. In all, anywhere between 250,000 and 500,000 people on both sides of the new borders died in the violence.[4] On 14 August 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came into being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its first Governor General in Karachi. At the stroke of midnight, as India moved into August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, read out the famous Tryst with destiny speech proclaiming India's independence.India, now a smaller Union of India, became an independent country with official ceremonies taking place in New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of the firstprime minister, and the viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, staying on as its first Governor General.

[edit]Celebrations

*

This section requires expansion.

*

The Indian flag at Delhi Gate

The Prime Minister of India hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site, Red Fort (लाल क़िला), Delhi, on August 15. This is telecasted live on the National Channel Doordarshan and many other News Channels all over India. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural programs take place in all the state capitals. In the cities around the country the national flag is hoisted by politicians in their constituencies. In various private organisations the flag hoisting is carried out by a senior official of that organisation. Schools and colleges around the country organize flag hoisting ceremonies and various cultural events within their premises, where younger children in costume represent their idols of the Independence era.

[edit]See also


[edit]References

[5]
  1. ^ lihu Lauterpacht Editor H. Lauterpacht (1958), International Law Reports, 22, Cambridge University Press, p. 147, ISBN 9780949009364.
  2. ^ Hyam 2007, p. 106 Quote:By the end of 1945, he and the Commander-in-chief, General Auckinleck were advising that there was a real threat in 1946 of large scale anti-British Disorder amounting to even a well-organised rising aiming to expel the British by paralysing the administration. Quote:...it was clear to Attlee thatuuffffffffffffhjyufiiinnnnnnnnnnnnn6 everything depended on the spirit and reliability of the Indian Army:"Provided that they do their duty, armed insurrection in India would not be an insolube problem. If, however, the Indian Army was to go the other way, the picture would be very different... Quote:...Thus, Wavell concluded, if the army and the police "failed" Britain would be forced to go. In theory, it might be possible to revive and reinvigorate the services, and rule for another fifteent to trwenty years, but:It is a fallacy to suppose that the solution lies in trying to maintain status quo. We have no longer the resources, nor the necessary prestige or confidence in ourselves.
  3. ^ Brown 1994, p. 330 Quote: "India had always been a minority interest in British publicity life; no great body of public opinion now emerged to argue that war-weary and impoverished Britain should send troops and money to hold it against its will in an empire of doubtful value. By late 1946 both Prime Minister and Secretary of State for India recognized that neither international opinion no their own voters would stand for any reassertion of the raj, even if there had been the men, money, and administrative machinery with which to do so." Sarkar 1983, p. 418 Quote: "With a war weary army and people and a ravaged economy, Britain would have had to retreat; the Labour victory only quickened the process somewhat." Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 212 Quote: "More importantly, though victorious in war, Britain had suffered immensely in the struggle. It simply did not possess the manpower or economic resources required to coerce a restive India."
  4. ^ (Khosla 2001, p. 299)
  5. ^ "65th Independence Day Celebrations (2011)". Mohith.net. Retrieved 2011-08-14.

[edit]External links


[edit]India and Pakistan

Two self governing countries legally came into existence at the stroke of midnight on 15 August 1947. The ceremonies for the transfer of power were held a day earlier in Karachi, at the time the capital of the new state of Pakistan, so that the last British Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, could attend both the ceremony in Karachi and the ceremony in Delhi. This is why Pakistan's Independence Day is celebrated on August 14 and India's on August 15.

[edit]Background

[edit]Late nineteenth and early twentieth century

Train to Pakistan being given a warm send-off. New Delhi railway station, 1947

The All India Muslim League (AIML) was formed in Dhaka in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority Indian National Congress. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. Among the first to make the demand for a separate state was the writer/philosopher Allama Iqbal, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise Hindu-dominated subcontinent.
The Sindh Assembly passed a resolution making it a demand in 1935. Iqbal, Jouhar and others then worked hard to draft Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who had till then worked for Hindu-Muslim unity, to lead the movement for this new nation. By 1930, Jinnah had begun to despair of the fate of minority communities in a united India and had begun to argue that mainstream parties such as the Congress, of which he was once a member, were insensitive to Muslim interests.
The 1932 Communal Award which seemed to threaten the position of Muslims in Hindu-majority provinces catalysed the resurgence of the Muslim League, with Jinnah as its leader. However, the League did not do well in the 1937 provincial elections, demonstrating the hold of the conservative and local forces at the time.

  • 1909 Provinces and Princely states of British India

  • 1909 Prevailing majority Religions for different districts, Map of British Indian Empire.

  • 1909 Percentage of Hindus.

  • 1909 Percentage of Muslims.

  • 1909 Percentage of Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains.

  • 1909 Prevailing (Aryan) Languages (Northern Region).

  • 1901 Population Density.

[edit]1932–1942

In 1940, Jinnah made a statement at the Lahore conference that seemed to call for a separate Muslim 'nation'. However, the document was ambiguous and opaque, and did not evoke a Muslim nation in a territorial sense. This idea, though, was taken up by Muslims and particularly Hindus in the next seven years, and given a more territorial element. All Muslim political parties including the Khaksar Tehrik of Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India[4] Mashriqi was arrested on 19 March 1940.
Hindu organisations such as the Hindu Mahasabha, though against the division of the country, were also insisting on the same chasm between Hindus and Muslims. In 1937 at the 19th session of the Hindu Mahasabha held at Ahmedabad, Veer Savarkar in his presidential address asserted:[5]
" India cannot be assumed today to be Unitarian and homogeneous nation, but on the contrary there are two nations in the main — the Hindus and the Muslims.

"

*

Rural Sikhs in a long ox-cart train headed towards India. 1947. Margaret Bourke-White.

An old Sikh man carrying his wife. Over 10 million people were uprooted from their homeland and travelled on foot, bullock carts and trains to their promised new home.

Most of the Congress leaders were secularists and resolutely opposed the division of India on the lines of religion. Mohandas Gandhi and Allama Mashriqi believed that Hindus and Muslims could and should live in amity. Gandhi opposed the partition, saying,
" My whole soul rebels against the idea that Hinduism and Islam represent two antagonistic cultures and doctrines. To assent to such a doctrine is for me a denial of God.

"


For years, Gandhi and his adherents struggled to keep Muslims in the Congress Party (a major exit of many Muslim activists began in the 1930s), in the process enraging both Hindu Nationalists and Indian Muslim nationalists. (Gandhi was assassinated soon after Partition by Hindu nationalistNathuram Godse, who believed that Gandhi was appeasing Muslims at the cost of Hindus.)
Politicians and community leaders on both sides whipped up mutual suspicion and fear, culminating in dreadful events such as the riots during the Muslim League's Direct Action Day of August 1946 in Kolkata (then "Calcutta"), in which more than 5,000 people were killed and many more injured. As public order broke down all across northern India and Bengal, the pressure increased to seek a political partition of territories as a way to avoid a full-scale civil war.

[edit]1942–1946

Viceroy Lord Mountbatten of Burma with a countdown calendar to the Transfer of Power in the background

Until 1946, the definition of Pakistan as demanded by the League was so flexible that it could have been interpreted as a sovereign nation Pakistan, or as a member of a confederated India.
Some historians believe Jinnah intended to use the threat of partition as a bargaining chip in order to gain more independence for the Muslim dominated provinces in the west from the Hindu-dominated center.[6]
Other historians claim that Jinnah's real vision was for a Pakistan that extended into Hindu-majority areas of India, by demanding the inclusion of the East of Punjab and West of Bengal, including Assam, a Hindu-majority country. Jinnah also fought hard for the annexation of Kashmir, a Muslim majority state with Hindu ruler; and the accession of Hyderabad and Junagadh, Hindu-majority states with Muslim rulers.[citation needed]
The British colonial administration did not directly rule all of "India". There were several different political arrangements in existence: Provinces were ruled directly and the Princely States with varying legal arrangements, like paramountcy.
The British Colonial Administration consisted of Secretary of State for India, the India Office, theGovernor-General of India, and the Indian Civil Service. The British were in favour of keeping the area united. The 1946 Cabinet Mission was sent to try and reach a compromise between Congress and the Muslim League. A compromise proposing a decentralized state with much power given to local governments won initial acceptance, but Nehru was unwilling to accept such a decentralized state and Jinnah soon returned to demanding an independent Pakistan.[7]
The Indian political parties were:

[edit]The Partition: 1947

[edit]Mountbatten Plan

The actual division between the two new dominions was done according to what has come to be known as the 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan.
The border between India and Pakistan was determined by a British Government-commissioned report usually referred to as the Radcliffe Lineafter the London lawyer, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, who wrote it. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of the colony, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.

Countries of Modern Indian subcontinent

On 18 July 1947, the British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act that finalized the partition arrangement. The Government of India Act 1935 was adapted to provide a legal framework for the two new dominions. Following partition, Pakistan applied for membership of the United Nations, which was accepted by the General Assembly on 30 September 1947. The union formed from the combination of the Hindu states assumed the name India which automatically granted it the seat of British India (a UN member since 1945) as a successor state.[8]
The 562 Princely States were given a choice of which country to join.

[edit]Geography of the partition: the Radcliffe Line

Further information: Radcliffe Line

the Punjab section of the Radcliffe Line

The Punjab — the region of the five rivers east of Indus:Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej — consists of interfluvial doabs, or tracts of land lying between two confluent rivers. These are the Sind-Sagar doab (between Indus and Jhelum), the Jech doab (Jhelum/Chenab), the Rechna doab (Chenab/Ravi), theBari doab (Ravi/Beas), and the Bist doab (Beas/Sutlej) (see map). In early 1947, in the months leading up to the deliberations of the Punjab Boundary Commission, the main disputed areas appeared to be in the Bari and Bist doabs, although some areas in the Rechna doab were claimed by the Congress and Sikhs. In the Bari doab, the districts of Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Lahore, and Montgomery (Sahiwal) were all disputed.[9]
All districts (other than Amritsar, which was 46.5% Muslim) had Muslim majorities; albeit, in Gurdaspur, the Muslim majority, at 51.1%, was slender. At a smaller area-scale, only three tehsils(sub-units of a district) in the Bari doab had non-Muslim majorities. These were: Pathankot (in the extreme north of Gurdaspur, which was not in dispute), and Amritsar and Tarn Taran in Amritsar district. In addition, there were four Muslim-majority tehsils east of Beas-Sutlej (with two where Muslims outnumbered Hindus and Sikhs together).[9]

A map of the Punjab region ca. 1947

The claims (Congress/Sikh and Muslim) and the Boundary Commission Award in the Punjab in relation to Muslim percentage by Tehsils. The unshaded regions are the princely states.

The communities in the disputed regions of the Upper Bari Doab in 1947.

Before the Boundary Commission began formal hearings, governments were set up for the East and the West Punjab regions. Their territories were provisionally divided by "notional division" based on simple district majorities. In both the Punjab and Bengal, the Boundary Commission consisted of two Muslim and two non-Muslim judges with Sir Cyril Radcliffe as a common chairman.[9]
The mission of the Punjab commission was worded generally as:
" To demarcate the boundaries of the two parts of the Punjab, on the basis of ascertaining the contiguous majority areas of Muslims and non-Muslims. In doing so, it will take into account other factors.[9]

"


Each side (the Muslims and the Congress/Sikhs) presented its claim through counsel with no liberty to bargain. The judges too had no mandate to compromise and on all major issues they "divided two and two, leaving Sir Cyril Radcliffe the invidious task of making the actual decisions."[9]

[edit]Independence and population exchanges

Massive population exchanges occurred between the two newly-formed states in the months immediately following Partition. Once the lines were established, about 14.5 million people crossed the borders to what they hoped was the relative safety of religious majority. Based on 1951 Census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan from India while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan immediately after partition.
About 11.2 million or 78% of the population transfer took place in the west, with Punjab accounting for most of it; 5.3 million Muslims moved from India to West Punjab in Pakistan, 3.4 million Hindus and Sikhs moved from Pakistan to East Punjab in India; elsewhere in the west 1.2 million moved in each direction to and from Sind.[citation needed]

A crowd of Muslims at the Old Fort (Purana Qila) in Delhi, which had been converted into a vast camp for Muslim refugees waiting to be transported to Pakistan. Manchester Guardian, 27 September 1947.

The newly formed governments were completely unequipped to deal with migrations of such staggering magnitude, and massive violence and slaughter occurred on both sides of the border. Estimates of the number of deaths range around roughly 500,000, with low estimates at 200,000 and high estimates at 1,000,000.[10]

[edit]Punjab

The Indian state of Punjab was created in 1947, when the Partition of India split the former Raj province of Punjab between India and Pakistan. The mostly Muslim western part of the province became Pakistan's Punjab Province; the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became India's Punjab state. Many Hindus and Sikhs lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so the partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal violence.
Lahore and Amritsar were at the center of the problem, the British were not sure where to place them - make them part of India or Pakistan. The British decided to give Lahore to Pakistan, whilst Amritsar became part of India. Areas in west Punjab such as Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, Gujrat, had a large Sikh & Hindu population and many of the residents were attacked or killed by radical Muslims. On the other side in East Punjab cities such as Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Gurdaspur had a majority Muslim population in which many of them were wiped out.

[edit]Bengal

Main article: Partition of Bengal (1947)
The province of Bengal was divided into the two separate entities of West Bengal belonging to India, and East Bengal belonging to Pakistan. East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan in 1955, and later became the independent nation of Bangladesh after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.
While Muslim majority district of Murshidabad was given to India, Hindu majority district Khulna and the Buddhist majority Chittagong division was given to Pakistan by the award.

[edit]Sindh

Hindu Sindhis were expected to stay in Sindh following Partition, as there were good relations between Hindu and Muslim Sindhis. At the time of Partition there were 1,400,000 Hindu Sindhis, though most were concentrated in the cities such as Hyderabad, Karachi, Shikarpur, and Sukkur. However, because of an uncertain future in a Muslim country, a sense of better opportunities in India, and most of all a sudden influx of Muslim refugees from Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajputana (Rajasthan) and other parts of India, many Sindhi Hindus decided to leave for India.
Problems were further aggravated when incidents of violence instigated by Indian Muslim refugees broke out in Karachi and Hyderabad. According to the census of India 1951, nearly 776,000 Sindhi Hindus moved into India.[11] Unlike the Punjabi Hindus and Sikhs, Sindhi Hindus did not have to witness any massive scale rioting; however, their entire province had gone to Pakistan thus they felt like a homeless community. Despite this migration, a significant Sindhi Hindu population still resides in Pakistan's Sindh province where they number at around 2.28 million as per Pakistan's 1998 census while the Sindhi Hindus in India as per 2001 census of India were at 2.57 million.[citation needed]

[edit]Kashmir conflict

The Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu had a majority Muslim population in the Kashmir valley and a majority Hindu population in Jammuand sparse population elsewhere. The Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India at the outbreak of violence. This Kashmir conflictlead to the 1947 war between India and Pakistan in that region.

[edit]Lakshadweep

Sardar Patel is the man behind the integration of Lakshadweep Islands with the Republic of India. The inhabitants of these islands were cut off from the mainstream of the country and learnt about Indian Independence days after 15 August 1947. It was Patel who realised that Pakistan could lay claim to these islands on the grounds of Muslim majority, though the islands were nowhere near the new state of Pakistan. An Indian Navy ship was sent to Lakshadweep to hoist the national flag by Patel to thwart any attempt by Pakistan to grab the islands. Just a couple of hours thereafter, vessels belonging to the Pakistan Navy were spotted near the islands. These vessels however retreated to Karachi after seeing the Indian flag flying over the Lakshadweep.[12]

[edit]Perspectives

TIME Magazine 27 October 1947 coverBoris Artzybasheff depicting a self-hurting goddess Kali as a symbol of the partition of India. The caption says: "INDIA: Liberty and death."

The Partition was a highly controversial arrangement, and remains a cause of much tension on the subcontinent today. The British Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten of Burma has not only been accused of rushing the process through, but also is alleged to have influenced the Radcliffe Line in India's favour since everyone agreed India would be a more desirable country for most.[13][14] However, the commission took so long to decide on a final boundary that the two nations were granted their independence even before there was a defined boundary between them. Even then, the members were so distraught at their handiwork (and its results) that they refused compensation for their time on the commission.[citation needed]
Some critics allege that British haste led to the cruelties of the Partition.[15] Because independence was declared prior to the actual Partition, it was up to the new governments of India and Pakistan to keep public order. No large population movements were contemplated; the plan called for safeguards for minorities on both sides of the new border. It was a task at which both states failed. There was a complete breakdown of law and order; many died in riots, massacre, or just from the hardships of their flight to safety. What ensued was one of the largest population movements in recorded history. According to Richard Symonds:[16]
" At the lowest estimate, half a million people perished and twelve million became homeless.

"


However, some argue that the British were forced to expedite the Partition by events on the ground.[17] Law and order had broken down many times before Partition, with much bloodshed on both sides. A massive civil war was looming by the time Mountbatten became Viceroy. After World War II, Britain had limited resources,[18] perhaps insufficient to the task of keeping order. Another viewpoint is that while Mountbatten may have been too hasty he had no real options left and achieved the best he could under difficult circumstances.[19] Historian Lawrence James concurs that in 1947 Mountbatten was left with no option but to cut and run. The alternative seemed to be involvement in a potentially bloody civil war from which it would be difficult to get out.[20]
Conservative elements in England consider the partition of India to be the moment that the British Empire ceased to be a world power, following Curzon's dictum that:
" While we hold on to India, we are a first-rate power. If we lose India, we will decline to a third-rate power.

"


[edit]Delhi Punjabi refugees

Refugees on train roof during Partition

An estimated 25 million Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs (1947–present) crossed the newly drawn borders to reach their new homelands. These estimates are based on comparisons of decadal censuses from 1941 and 1951 with adjustments for normal population growth in the areas of migration. In northern India - undivided Punjab and North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) - nearly 12 million were forced to move from as early as March 1947 following the Rawalpindi violence.
Delhi received the largest number of refugees for a single city - the population of Delhi grew rapidly in 1947 from under 1 million (917.939) to a little less than 2 million (1.744.072) between the period 1941-1951.[21] The refugees were housed in various historical and military locations such as thePurana Qila, Red Fort, and military barracks in Kingsway (around the present Delhi university). The latter became the site of one of the largest refugee camps in northern India with more than 35,000 refugees at any given time besides Kurukshetra camp near Panipat.
The camp sites were later converted into permanent housing through extensive building projects undertaken by the Government of India from 1948 onwards. A number of housing colonies in Delhi came up around this period like Lajpat Nagar, Rajinder Nagar, Nizamuddin East, Punjabi Bagh, Rehgar Pura, Jungpura and Kingsway Camp.
A number of schemes such as the provision of education, employment opportunities, easy loans to start businesses, were provided for the refugees at all-India level. The Delhi refugees, however, were able to make use of these facilities much better than their counterparts elsewhere.[22]

[edit]Refugees settled in India

Many Sikhs and Hindu Punjabis settled in the Indian parts of Punjab and Delhi. Hindus migrating from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) settled across Eastern India and Northeastern India, many ending up in close-by states like West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura. Some migrants were sent to the Andaman islands where Bengali today form the largest linguistic group.
Hindu Sindhis found themselves without a homeland. The responsibility of rehabilitating them was borne by their government. Refugee camps were set up for Hindu Sindhis.

Photo of a railway station in Punjab. Many people abandoned their fixed assets and crossed newly formed borders.

Many refugees overcame the trauma of poverty, though the loss of a homeland has had a deeper and lasting effect on their Sindhi culture. In 1967 Government of India recognized as Sindhi as a fifteenth official language of India in two scripts.
In late 2004, the Sindhi diaspora vociferously opposed a Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of India which asked the Government of India to delete the word "Sindh" from the Indian National Anthem (written by Rabindranath Tagore prior to the partition) on the grounds that it infringed upon the sovereignty of Pakistan.

[edit]Refugees settled in Pakistan

Indo-East Pakistani, later Indo-Bangladesh enclaves created by the partition

In the aftermath of partition, a huge population exchange occurred between the two newly-formed states. About 14.5 million people crossed the borders, including 7,226,000 Muslims came to Pakistan from India while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan. About 5.5 million settled in Punjab Pakistan and around 1.5 million settled in Sindh.
Most of those refugees who settled in Punjab Pakistan came from Indian Punjab, Haryana,Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan. Most of those refugees who arrived in Sindh came from northern and central urban centers of India, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan via Wahga and Munabao border, however a limited number of muhajirs also arrived by air and on ships. People who wished to go to India from all over Sindh awaited their departure to India by ship at the Swaminarayan temple in Karachi and were visited byMuhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan.[23]
The majority of Urdu speaking refugees who migrated after the independence were settled in the port city of Karachi in southern Sindh and in the cities of Hyderabad, Sukkur, Nawabshah andMirpurkhas. As well the above many Urdu-speakers settled in the cities of Punjab mainly inLahore, Multan, Bahawalpur and Rawalpindi. The number of migrants in Sindh was placed at over 540,000 of whom two-third were urban. In case of Karachi, from a population of around 400,000 in 1947, it turned into more than 1.3 million in 1953.
Former President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf, was born in the Nagar Vali Haveli inDaryaganj, Delhi, India. Several previous Pakistani leaders were also born in regions that are in India. Pakistan's first prime minister, Liaquat Ali Khan was born in Karnal (now in Haryana). The 7-year longest-serving Governor and martial law administrator of Pakistan's largest province,Balochistan, General Rahimuddin Khan, was born in the pre-dominantly Pathan city of Kaimganj, which now lies in Uttar Pradesh. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who came to power in a military coup in 1977, was born in Jalandhar, East Punjab. The families of all four men opted for Pakistan at the time of Partition.

[edit]Aftermath

[edit]International

Since Partition, with the riots and killings between the two religious communities, India and Pakistan have struggled to maintain relations. One of the biggest debates occur over the disputed region of Kashmir, over which there have been 3 wars and the reasons for the wars have related only to the confusion over partition. There have been four Indo-Pakistani wars:
  • Indo-Pakistani War of 1947: Pakistani backed tribals and troops invade Kashmir which had been earlier given to India by the ruler of the Princely State, Hari Singh, despite the fact it had a Muslim majority. The United Nations established a stalemate.
  • Indo-Pakistani War of 1965: Pakistani backed guerrillas invaded Indian administered Kashmir. India is generally believed to have had the upper hand when a ceasefire was called.[24]
  • Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: After India announced support for the Bengalis in East Pakistan, Pakistan launched air strikes against India. India eventually captured 13,000 square kilometres of Pakistan's territory (which it later returned as a gesture of good will) and partitioned Pakistan through the creation of Bangladesh.
  • 1999 Kargil Conflict: Pakistani troops and militants invade Indian administered Kashmir during the winter when high mountain posts were unoccupied. India recaptures all territory lost.[25]

India and Pakistan have also engaged in a nuclear arms race which has in recent times threatened to erupt into nuclear war.
The British-Tibetan border, winding as it did through the Himalayas, had never been definitively surveyed or marked. India, as the inheritor of a long stretch of the British borders, and the People's Republic of China, which invaded Tibet, eventually clashed leading to the 1962 Sino-Indian War.

[edit]Intranational

Violence between Hindus and Muslims did not end with the Partition. Bengali Hindus and Muslims alike were massacred in the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities. Hindus remaining in Pakistan have been persecuted[26][27] (see Hinduism in Pakistan, 2006 Lahore temple demolitionand Communal violence in Pakistan). Similarly, Muslims in India have experienced repeated episodes of communal violence,[28] such as the2002 Gujarat violence (see Communal Violence in India).
Integration of refugee populations with their new countries did not always go smoothly. Some Urdu speaking Muslims who migrated to Pakistan have complained that they are discriminated against in government employment. Municipal political conflict in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, often pitted native Sindhis against immigrants. Sindhi, Bengalis, and Punjabi refugees in India also experienced poverty as they largely came empty handed. However, 50 years after Partition, almost all ex-refugees have managed to rebuild their lives.
All of the three nations resulting from the Partition of India have had to deal with endemic civil conflicts. Inside India, these have been largely due to inter-religious unrest and disruptive far left forces. Civil unrest inside India includes:
The last example of unrest, the terrorism in Kashmir, is related to the ongoing Kashmir conflict and relates to the both India and Pakistan. Within Pakistan, unrest is mainly because of ethnicities, with Bengalis, Balochis and Pashtun people all vying for more representation within Pakistan and in some cases the creation of an independent state.

[edit]Current religious demographics of India proper and former East and West Pakistan

Despite the huge migrations during and after Partition, secular and federal] India is still home to the third largest Muslim population in the world (after Indonesia and Pakistan). The current estimates for India (see Demographics of India) are as shown below. Islamic Pakistan, the former West Pakistan, by contrast, has a much smaller minority population. Its religious distribution is below (see Demographics of Pakistan). As for Bangladesh, the former East Pakistan, the non-Muslim share is somewhat larger (see Demographics of Bangladesh):
India (2006 Est. 1,095 million vs. 1951 Census 361 million)
  • 80.5% Hindus (839 million)
  • 13.10% Muslims (143 million)
  • 2.31% Christians (25 million)
  • 2.00% Sikhs (21 million)
  • 1.94% Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and others (20 million)

Pakistan (2005 Est. 162 million vs. 1951 Census 34 million)
  • 98.0% Muslims (159 million)
  • 1.0% Christians (1.62 million)
  • 1.0% Hindus, Sikhs and others (1.62 million)

Bangladesh (2005 Est. 144 million vs. 1951 Census 42 million)
  • 86% Muslims (124 million)
  • 13% Hindus (18 million)
  • 1% Christians, Buddhists and Animists (1.44 million)

Both nations have to a great extent assimilated the refugees.

  • An aged and abandoned Muslim couple and their grand children sitting by the roadside on this arduous journey. "The old man is dying of exhaustion. The caravan has gone on," wrote Bourke-White.

  • Two Muslim men (in a rural refugee train headed towards Pakistan) carrying an old woman in a makeshift doli or palanquin. 1947.

  • "With the tragic legacy of an uncertain future, a young refugee sits on the walls of Purana Qila, transformed into a vast refugee camp in Delhi." Margaret Bourke-White, 1947.

  • A refugee train on its way to Punjab, Pakistan.

  • Train to Pakistan steaming out of New Delhi Railway Station, 1947.

[edit]Artistic depictions of the Partition

Main article: Artistic depictions of the partition of India
In addition to the enormous historical literature on the Partition, there is also an extensive body of artistic work (novels, short stories, poetry, films, plays, paintings, etc.) that deals imaginatively with the pain and horror of the event.[39]

[edit]See also


[edit]References

  1. ^ Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, pp. 221–222
  2. ^ Revised Statute from The UK Statute Law Database: Indian Independence Act 1947 (c.30) at opsi.gov.uk
  3. ^ Alastair Lamb, Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846-1990, Roxford Books 1991, ISBN 0-907129-06-4
  4. ^ Nasim Yousaf: Hidden Facts Behind British India's Freedom: A Scholarly Look into Allama Mashraqi and Quaid-e-Azam's Political Conflict
  5. ^ V.D.Savarkar, Samagra Savarkar Wangmaya Hindu Rasthra Darshan (Collected works of V.D.Savarkar) Vol VI, Maharashtra Prantik Hindusabha, Poona, 1963, p 296
  6. ^ Jalal, Ayesha Jalal (1985). The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, The Muslim League and the Demand Pakistan. Cambridge University Press.
  7. ^ Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India.
  8. ^ Thomas RGC, Nations, States, and Secession: Lessons from the Former Yugoslavia, Mediterranean Quarterly, Volume 5 Number 4 Fall 1994, pp. 40–65, Duke University Press
  9. ^ a b c d e (Spate 1947, pp. 126–137)
  10. ^ Death toll in the partition
  11. ^ Markovits, Claude (2000). The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750-1947. Cambridge University Press. pp. 278. ISBN 0521622859.
  12. ^ Gopal K. Bhargava, S. C. Bhatt (2006). Land and people of Indian states and union territories: in 36 volumes. Lakshadweep. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 232. ISBN 8178353911.Page 29
  13. ^ K. Z. Islam, 2002, The Punjab Boundary Award, Inretrospect
  14. ^ Partitioning India over lunch, Memoirs of a British civil servant Christopher Beaumont
  15. ^ Stanley Wolpert, 2006, Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-515198-4
  16. ^ Richard Symonds, 1950, The Making of Pakistan, London, OCLC 245793264, p 74
  17. ^ "Once in office, Mountbatten quickly became aware if Britain were to avoid involvement in a civil war, which seemed increasingly likely, there was no alternative to partition and a hasty exit from India" Lawrence J. Butler, 2002, Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World, p 72
  18. ^ Lawrence J. Butler, 2002, Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World, p 72
  19. ^ Ronald Hyam, Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918-1968, page 113; Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521866499, 2007
  20. ^ Lawrence James, Rise and Fall of the British Empire
  21. ^ Census of India, 1941 and 1951.
  22. ^ Kaur, Ravinder (2007). Since 1947: Partition Narratives among Punjabi Migrants of Delhi. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195683776.
  23. ^ Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar (2007). The long partition and the making of modern South Asia. Columbia University Press. Retrieved 22 May 2009. Page 52
  24. ^ The 1965 war with Pakistan - Encyclopædia Britannica
  25. ^ India encircles rebels on Kashmir mountaintop, CNN
  26. ^ US Congress religious freedom report on Pakistan, 2006
  27. ^ US Congress religious freedom report on Pakistan, 2004
  28. ^ Hashimpura Muslim Massacre Trial Reopens: Can Justice Be Expected?, Azim A.K. Sherwani, 26 September 2006
  29. ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al., Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab, p. IV.
  30. ^ The Kashmiri Pandits: An Ethnic Cleansing the World Forgot,South Asia Terrorism Portal
  31. ^ Back to roots: Kashmiri Pandit youth fight back,Rediff.com
  32. ^ Kashmir's Ethnic Cleansing & the Strangling of Tolerant Islam
  33. ^ The South Asian Overlooked and ignored - Kashmiri Hindus
  34. ^ Panun Kashmir
  35. ^ Rediff Has the peace process forgotten the Pandits
  36. ^ http://www.cfr.org/publication/11644/
  37. ^ http://www.fas.org/news/pakistan/1994/940622-pak.htm
  38. ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_14-6-2005_pg1_4
  39. ^ "Films & Partition train of History". The Tribune. August 5, 2007.

[edit]Further reading

Popularizations
  • Collins, Larry and Dominique Lapierre: Freedom at Midnight. London: Collins, 1975. ISBN 0-00-638851-5
  • Zubrzycki, John. (2006) The Last Nizam: An Indian Prince in the Australian Outback. Pan Macmillan, Australia. ISBN 978-0-3304-2321-2.

Memoir
Academic textbooks and monographs
  • Ansari, Sarah. 2005. Life after Partition: Migration, Community and Strife in Sindh: 1947—1962. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 256 pages. ISBN 019597834X.
  • Butalia, Urvashi. 1998. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 308 pages.ISBN 0822324946
  • Chatterji, Joya. 2002. Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932—1947. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 323 pages. ISBN 0521523281.
  • Chester, Lucy P. 2009. Borders and Conflict in South Asia: The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Partition of Punjab.Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719078996.
  • Gilmartin, David. 1988. Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan. Berkeley: University of California Press. 258 pages. ISBN 0520062493.
  • Gossman, Partricia. 1999. Riots and Victims: Violence and the Construction of Communal Identity Among Bengali Muslims, 1905-1947. Westview Press. 224 pages. ISBN 0813336252
  • Hansen, Anders Bjørn. 2004. "Partition and Genocide: Manifestation of Violence in Punjab 1937-1947", India Research Press. ISBN 9788187943259.
  • Hasan, Mushirul (2001), India's Partition: Process, Strategy and Mobilization, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 444 pages,ISBN 0195635043.
  • Ikram, S. M. 1995. Indian Muslims and Partition of India. Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 8171563740
  • Jain, Jasbir (2007), Reading Partition, Living Partition, Rawat Publications, 338 pages, ISBN 8131600459
  • Jalal, Ayesha (1993), The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 334 pages, ISBN 0521458501
  • Kaur, Ravinder. 2007. "Since 1947: Partition Narratives among Punjabi Migrants of Delhi". Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195683776.
  • Khan, Yasmin (2007), The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 250 pages,ISBN 0300120788
  • Lamb, Alastair (1991), Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy, 1846-1990, Roxford Books, ISBN 0-907129-06-4
  • Metcalf, Barbara; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006), A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories), Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372, ISBN 0521682258.
  • Page, David, Anita Inder Singh, Penderel Moon, G. D. Khosla, and Mushirul Hasan. 2001. The Partition Omnibus: Prelude to Partition/the Origins of the Partition of India 1936-1947/Divide and Quit/Stern Reckoning. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195658507
  • Pal, Anadish Kumar. 2010. World Guide to the Partition of INDIA. Kindle Edition: Amazon Digital Services. 282 KB. ASIN B0036OSCAC
  • Pandey, Gyanendra. 2002. Remembering Partition:: Violence, Nationalism and History in India. Cambride, UK: Cambridge University Press. 232 pages. ISBN 0521002508
  • Raja, Masood Ashraf. Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity, 1857–1947, Oxford 2010,ISBN 978-0-19547811-2
  • Raza, Hashim S. 1989. Mountbatten and the partition of India. New Delhi: Atlantic. ISBN 81-7156-059-8
  • Shaikh, Farzana. 1989. Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860—1947. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 272 pages. ISBN 0521363284.
  • Talbot, Ian and Gurharpal Singh (eds). 1999. Region and Partition: Bengal, Punjab and the Partition of the Subcontinent. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 420 pages. ISBN 0195790510.
  • Talbot, Ian. 2002. Khizr Tiwana: The Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 216 pages. ISBN 0195795512.
  • Talbot, Ian. 2006. Divided Cities: Partition and Its Aftermath in Lahore and Amritsar. Oxford and Karachi: Oxford University Press. 350 pages. ISBN 0195472268.
  • Wolpert, Stanley. 2006. Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 272 pages. ISBN 0195151984.
  • J. Butler, Lawrence. 2002. Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World. London: I.B.Tauris. 256 pages. ISBN 186064449X
  • Khosla, G. D. Stern reckoning : a survey of the events leading up to and following the partition of India New Delhi: Oxford University Press:358 pages Published: February 1990 ISBN 0195624173

Articles
  • Review by Chudhry Manzoor Ahmed Marxist MP in Pakistani Parliament book by Lal Khan 'Partition can it be undone?'
  • Gilmartin, David. 1998. "Partition, Pakistan, and South Asian History: In Search of a Narrative." The Journal of Asian Studies, 57(4):1068-1095.
  • Jeffrey, Robin. 1974. "The Punjab Boundary Force and the Problem of Order, August 1947" - Modern Asian Studies 8(4):491-520.
  • Kaur Ravinder. 2007. "India and Pakistan: Partition Lessons". Open Democracy.
  • Kaur, Ravinder. 2006. "The Last Journey: Social Class in the Partition of India". Economic and Political Weekly, June 2006. www.epw.org.in
  • Mookerjea-Leonard, Debali. 2005. "Divided Homelands, Hostile Homes: Partition, Women and Homelessness". Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 40(2):141-154.
  • Morris-Jones. 1983. "Thirty-Six Years Later: The Mixed Legacies of Mountbatten's Transfer of Power". International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 59(4):621-628.
  • Spate, O. H. K. (1947), "The Partition of the Punjab and of Bengal", The Geographical Journal 110 (4/6): 201–218
  • Spear, Percival. 1958. "Britain's Transfer of Power in India." Pacific Affairs, 31(2):173-180.
  • Talbot, Ian. 1994. "Planning for Pakistan: The Planning Committee of the All-India Muslim League, 1943-46". Modern Asian Studies, 28(4):875-889.
  • Visaria, Pravin M. 1969. "Migration Between India and Pakistan, 1951-61" Demography, 6(3):323-334.

[edit]External links

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Bibliographies
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Freedom at Midnight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cover of the paperback edition

Freedom at Midnight (1975) is a book by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre. It describes the events in theIndian independence movement in 1947-48, beginning with the appointment of Lord Mountbatten of Burma as the last viceroy of British India, and ending with the death and funeral of Mahatma Gandhi.

The authors having interviewed many of those who were there, including Lord Mountbatten of Burma, the book gives a detailed account of the last year of British India, the princely states' reactions to independence (including descriptions of the Indian princes' colorful and extravagant lifestyles), the partition of India andPakistan on religious grounds, and the bloodshed that followed. It also covers in detail the events leading to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, as well as the life and motives of British-educated Jawaharlal Nehruand Pakistani leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The book is a result of deeply scanned and researched events, which often are left out by other historians. For example, the crucial maps setting the boundary separating India and Pakistan were drawn that year by Cyril Radcliffe. Radcliffe had never visited India in his life before being appointed as the chairman of the Boundary Commission. The description of the very British-style summertime capital Shimla in the Himalayas and how supplies were carried up steep mountains by porters each year is interesting. The book also explains the fury of both Hindus and Muslims, misled by their communal leaders, during the partition, and the biggest mass slaughter in the history of India as millions of unfortunate people were uprooted by the partition and tried to migrate laboriously by train, oxcart, and on foot to new places designated for their particular religious group. Many migrants fell victim to bandits and bloodthirsty religious extremists of both dominant religions. One incident quoted is particularly terrifying: it describes a canal in Lahore that ran with blood and floating bodies. A tragedy that befell a poor but sincere interfaith peasant couple is heart-rending. The final pages of the book witnesses the events that led to the tragic end of Mahatma Gandhi. The plan of the slaughter of Hindu Messiah by Nathuram Ghodse and men mesmerizes the reader.

Controversial for its portrayal of the British expatriates, the native rulers of India and members of India's first cabinet, it is a non-fiction book told in a casual style, similar to the authors' previous Is Paris Burning? and O Jerusalem!.

Collins and Lapierre also wrote a book about their research with respect to Mountbatten, titled Mountbatten and the Partition of India. This book contains interviews with Mountbatten, and a selection of papers that were in his possession.

[edit]External links

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National Issues and Speeches
 
Gandhiji had said, "People call me a Mahatma, but Jotirao Phule was a true Mahatma". -Haribhau Narke

This is the biggest ground in Mumbai. On 6th December people from all over India come to pay their respects to Dr. Ambedkar at Chaitya Bhoomi which is just adjacent to this Shivaji Park. I am witnessing this for the first time that thousands of people have come to pay their re­spects to Babasaheb on 16th April. I have seen many a rallies before but I have never witnessed such discipline and I have never seen such a constructive programme on the ideology of our forefathers. I wish to thank BAMCEF for this. Many rallies are organized on 14th April. This is the first highly disciplined rally which has been organized on the basis of sound ideology and constructive programme and attended by people who have come from all corners of the our country. 

I want to start my speech by telling you a small story. There was a King, he had a Queen. The Queen fell ill. The king sent for the Doctors. The medicines couldn't cure the Queen. The King was worried. One day the Royal Astrologer told the King that the Queen could be cured of her illness if she was fed the flesh of RajHansa daily. The King ordered that the Rajhansa should be brought immediately and its flesh to be fed to the Queen. The sol­diers knew that there were Rajhansas near the lake in the forest. The soldiers started killing the Rajhansas with their arrows. The flesh of the Rajhansas was fed to the Queen daily. The Queen's health began to improve. But one day the soldiers returned empty handed and crest-fallen. They explained to the King that the Rajhansas flee immediately on seeing the ap­proaching soldiers. The Rajhansas have real­ized that the soldiers are killers who want to kill them. The King then asked the Royal Astrolo­ger to solve this problem. The Royal Astrolo­ger said, "You make a mistake. The Rajhansas immediately identify the soldiers by their uni-forms. Hence they flee away on seeing the soldiers. You should change the dress of the soldiers. You should send a soldier in the garb of a Sadhu." The King did accordingly. The Rajhansa couldn't see through the disguise and thought the soldier was only a Sadhu, just a Brahmin. The Rajhansa felt that there was nothing to fear from this Sadhu and it went nearer to the soldier. The soldier immediately shot an arrow at the Rajhansa and killed it. 

The gist of this story is that the Rajhansa was not able to see that the soldier had come to kill it disguised as a Sadhu. But we are hu­man beings. How can we commit the same mistake? We should have our own strategy to identify the killer. We should have an ideology. The killer will always approach us in different disguises. He will also resort to such disguises so that we make a mistake and join him. In In­dia a killer in the disguise of a Sadhu will be hailed and idolized and worshipped. The killer will not always commit the same mistake. He will use different disguises on different occa­sions. 

It has been told that the Varna Vyavastha of four Varnas disintegrated into 6000 castes. But the Brahman Varna' in the Varna Vyavastha is both Varna as well as Caste. The same is not true of the other Varnas. There is no caste by the name of Kshattriya, Vaishya and Shudra. These are Varnas and there are thousands of castes in these Varnas. The Brahmins have their own logo, an antenna i.e. their Janevu. Thus it is easy to identify the Brahmins in India. The Brahmin comes to recite the Mantras in religious ceremonies organized by the Kshattriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. As the Mantras are in Sanskrit we do not know what they actually mean; what the Brahmins want us to commit. He makes us confess on a bond paper that, 'the universe has been designed by God himself. Brahmins were born from the mouth, Kshattriyas from the shoulders, Vaishyas from the thighs and Shudras from the feet. As this system i.e. Varna Vyavastha is for the benefit of mankind we swore to preserve it'. The Brahmins make us swear to preserve this Varna Vyavastha on the occasion of every wed­ding and religious ceremony. And we do it. We do not realize that we are actually writing on a stamp paper that even if the Brahmins kick us we will readily accept those kicks; we are ready to give them the right to exploit us. And we do this with full contentment. We do not realize what we are actually doing. 

On the other hand there is an ideology which strives to unite the different castes to­gether. This ideology is Phule-Ambedkarite ide­ology. But we are unable to provide even a proper introduction of this ideology to our people. We can give some examples to the people of what our great forefathers did to unite the thou­sands of castes. 
In the BAMCEF International Confer­ence held in London in Septemeber 2005, Bhagmal Pagal who had worked with Babasaheb told us that when a dispute arose between Gandhi and Babasaheb on some is­sues during the Round Table Conference of 1932, people from all over the country sent let­ters and telegrams in support of Babasaheb. People from the Valmiki caste and the Bhangi caste from Punjab sent letters, signed in blood, to Babasaheb. In those Ietters they wrote, "Gandhi is not our leader. Our leader is Babasaheb Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. Our relation with Babasaheb is a relation of blood. That is why we are sending this letter signed in blood. Babasaheb's blood and our blood are one and the same. You will not find any disloyalty in this blood". The people of Maharashtra believe that Babasaheb got huge support only from Maharashtra. But this is not true. But if we in­form the people of this work that our Valmiki brothers did in 1932 then people will know what loyalty really is! This is the way to show affec­tion towards Babasaheb. All these people were with Babasaheb with zeal and honesty. 

In Maharashtra Dadasaheb Gaikwad and Amrutrao Rankhambe was one of the lead­ers in Babasaheb's movement. A problem arose before Babasaheb while allotting the tickets for the 1936 elections. There was a single ticket and the candidates were two. The problem was which candidate should be given the ticket? Babasaheb had declared in a Conference in Yeola, "Even though I am born as a Hindu, I shall not die as a Hindu". Amrutrao Rankhambe was the organizer of that Yeola conference. He was a wealthy man. Babasaheb summoned Amrutrao and told him, "If I give you the ticket, people will say that Babasaheb gives tickets only to the rich candidates. I think that I should not give you the ticket. Both of you are good activ­ists. In the future I shall give you an opportunity. But now try to understand the problem". Amrutrao Rankhambe did not understand and he rebelled. He deserted Babasaheb and went to a different party. On the day Amrutrao de­serted Babasaheb, Radhabai Jadhav who was Amrutrao's only sister went to him and asked him whether it was true that he left Babasaheb. Amrutrao told her that Babasaheb had done him injustice by not giving the party ticket. Radhabai then said to her brother, "You cannot understand the compulsions of Babasaheb but we all do. Babasaheb bestowed such affections on you and still you deserted him. I have come to bid farewell to you. Till such time you were with Babasaheb, I considered you as my brother. From now onwards, I am dead for you as you shall be for me." 

The illiterate Radhabai Jadhav did not attend the funeral of Amrutrao, her only brother, when he died. Those who deserted Babasaheb do not belong to us. Those who abandon the ideology they cannot belong to us whoever they are. Our thoughts have to be same if we are to relate to each other. Only the relation between people having the same thoughts can be called as blood relation. 

Our enemy will always try to divide us. He is an expert in this. He profits by dividing us. Till we keep on fighting between ourselves, Brahminism will continue to get stronger. We shall not be successful until and unless we stop fighting between ourselves. Brahminism will be broken down if we stop infighting between us. They misdirect us by telling us false stories. They deceive us by concocting false history. They tell us about the Brahmin Rani Laxmibai who fought bravely against the British. We know now that it was Jhalkari who actually fought and not Lakshmibai. Even if we were to believe that Rani Laxmibai fought on the battlefield with her son strapped up to her back, this is no great achievement. 

When Poona was severely hit by a Plague epidemic people started fleeing Pune. Many people died. Many so called leaders fled from Pune. But one woman stood her ground. She went to every house and carried the pa­tients on her back to the hospital. She gave them medicines. In Mundhwa village near Pune, Pandurang Babaji Gaikwad, an eleven year old boy from the Mahar caste got infected with Plague. When she received this news she im mediately carried the boy on her back to the hospital. The hospital was seven kilometers away. She walked all this way to her son's hos­pital and admitted this boy. The boy was given medicines and was cured. Later this woman herself got infected with Plague and she died on 10th March 1897. This woman was Savitri Phule! 

We applaud greatly the woman who carried her son on her back while she fought on the battlefield (It is proved that she was not Brahmin Lakshmibai but an indigenous woman named Jhalkari). 

Is not such a woman worthy of com­mendation who fights against the system, cures the diseased and dies doing this work? Is this not an act of bravery? Savitri Phule was a Mali by caste and the boy whom she cured was a Mahar by caste. This fact can bind the two castes together. Gandhi said that though people call him a Manama, the true Mahatma is Jotirao Phule. When we submitted this document con­taining the above statement of Gandhi, the por­trait of Jotirao Phule was put in the Parliament. We asked them to put the portrait of Jotirao Phule alongside the portraits of Babasaheb and Shivaji Maharaj. The officials opposed by say­ing that this cannot be done as Jotirao Phule was never a Parliamentarian. We said even Gandhi was never a Member of Parliament. Still his portrait is hanged in the hall of the Parlia­ment. After these efforts the portrait of Jotirao Phule was placed in the Parliament. When asked to choose the place for the portrait we requested that it be placed between the por­traits of Shivaji Maharaj and Babasaheb. It was Jotirao Phule who hailed Shivaji by writing his Powada. It was the first Powada ever written on Shivaji. Jotirao Phule also started and cel­ebrated Shivaji Jayanti. We would have forgot-ten Jotirao Phule were it not for Babasaheb who disseminated the thoughts of Jotirao Phule all over India and abroad. Shivaji—Phule— Babasaheb, it is an ideology, a chain. 

It was Jotirao Phule who first demanded Reservation in 1869. Shahu Maharaj imple mented 50% Reservation in his Kolhapur prov­ince from 26th June 1902. Babasaheb provided Reservation to the Bahujan Samaj by incorpo­rating articles 340,342,15,16,46 in the Consti­tution. Shahu Maharaj implemented in his prov­ince what Jotirao had demanded from the Brit­ish. Babasaheb fulfilled Jotirao's dream by in­corporating the right of Reservation in the con­stitution of India. The name of the boy adopted by Jotirao Phule was Yashwant. Shahu Maharaj's name was Yashwant and Babasaheb had named his son 'Yashwant'. 

Some people may feel that these are insignificant things. But these little things will create an emotional environment which will fur­ther help us to unite our people. Even the thoughts will get fortified. I am sad that other than BAMCEF nobody is doing this work. Some people say that the Brahmins are not our real enemies. The Brahmins do not come to set fire to our houses. This leads to a difference of opin­ion between the OBC's and the SC's. And this escalates into clashes between the OBCs and the SCs. If we beat a dog with a stick the dog bites the stick instead of the hand. But we are human beings and we should know who is hold­ing the stick. The ruling castes use different tac­tics to divide us. 

In the Round Table Conference Gandhi opposed Dr. Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar asked Mr. Gandhi, "Why are only you opposing me?" Gandhi said, "I would support you if others too do the same. But if others oppose you then I too will have to oppose you." Afterwards Gandhi went to the Muslim league and said that he would accept all their 14 demands but in return they should oppose Dr. Ambedkar. He went to the Sikhs and asked them to do the same. Dr. Ambedkar was shocked when he learnt this. Babasaheb thought that Gandhi was a deceit­ful person. 

In the Mahad Conference held in 20, 21 March 1927 Babasaheb had placed the photo of Gandhi in the pandal. But after 1927 he real­ized that Gandhi was not what he seemed to be. Mahadevbhai Desai who was private assistant to Gandhi has written that when Babasaheb came to meet Gandhi for the first time, Gandhi did not even look up at Babasaheb. Gandhi pretended to be very busy in his work. When Babasaheb prepared to leave then Gandhi asked him, "When did you come?" Babasaheb thought Gandhi was pur­posely insulting him. Babasaheb asked Gandhi about his views. Gandhi said that his views are known to all. Gandhi asked Babasaheb for his comment on his views. In that discussion between Gandhi and Babasaheb, Babasaheb had said, "I have no homeland". Gandhi thought perhaps Babasaheb was a Brahmin by caste. He asked Mahadevbhai about this. Mahadevbhai informed him that Babasaheb was an untouchable by caste. Mahadevbhai later wrote in his Diary, "God save this per­son. This man (Gandhi) wants to become the leader of this country and his general knowl­edge is so weak that he asks who is Dr. Ambedkar." We need to tell the people with the required proofs about the fight between Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi. 
Unconsciously we strengthen Brahminism by talking of Ram. Ram is a sym­bol of Brahminism. We should understand what symbols are ours and what symbols are of our enemies, we should understand what should be done to strengthen our­selves. 
Our activists, writers and intellectuals say that Gangadhar Neelkanth Sahastrabudhe (Brahmin) burnt Manusmriti. And people ap­plaud this. They do not know that indirectly the credit for burning Manusmriti goes to a Brah­min. We should not forget that Gandhi used to go to the Bhangi Colonies. But what hap­pened? The Bhangis remained as they were before but Gandhi became famous. The im­portance of Gandhi increased, his popularity soared. Hence when we give the credit of burn­ing Manusmriti to a Brahmin we are doing in­justice to history as well as to Babasaheb. On page 118 in 'Bahishkrut Bharat' Babasaheb has written that the resolution prepared by him for burning Manusmriti was read by Gangadhar Neelkanth Sahastrabudhe. The work of support­ing the resolution was done by Rajbhoj (Chamar) and Jadhav (Maratha). Thus Babasaheb had given the work of reading out the resolution to a Brahmin. But the work of supporting the resolution was done by activists of the Maratha and Chamar Castes. Further Babasaheb has written specifically on page 118 that the task of burning the Manusmriti was done by the Sadhu-Sants from the untouchable com­munities. But we give the credit of burning Manusmriti to a Brahmin. We change history by these little things. We say that the Brahmins helped Babasaheb in his work. Among his ac­tivists were Chitnis, Pradhan, Tipnis, Karnik and Rege. They say that Babasaheb was not against Brahmins, he was against Brahmanya. They say that some Brahmins may be bad but not all are bad. The fact is that Tipnis, Chitnis, Pradhan, Karnik and Rege were Kayasthas, i.e. Shudras. But observing the surnames we think that these are Brahmins and we believe it. We commit the same mistake every time. We say that Phule was helped by Brahmins, Babasaheb was helped by Brahmins. The fact is that when Phule started preaching the true history, Brah­mins deserted him. But the activists who re­mained till the very end with Phule were Ranba Mahar, Dhuraji Appaji Chamar, Ganu Shivaji Mang, Lahuji Vastad Salave, Usman Shaikh, and Fatima Shaikh. If we make the people aware of these facts then the task of uniting the castes will succeed. If we do the work of propagating the true facts we shall succeed in our cause. In Maharashtra there was a cabinet minister whose wife was a Brahmin. Now he is a Mem­ber of Parliament. This cabinet minister belongs to the Bahujan Samaj. Once there was a 'Janevu Ceremony (Upanayana Sanskar)' of his wife's brother's son. The minister told his wife that he would attend the ceremony in-spite of his being very busy at the moment so that her family would feel good that a cabinet minister had come to their function. His wife said that she would go alone and he need not come. In spite of this the minister went to attend the cer­emony. When the ceremony started the Brah­min Pandit asked every male present to remove his shirt. The, minister thought that it might be a part of this ceremony. He removed his shirt. All the males present in this ceremony had 'Janevu'. Only this cabinet minister didn't. The Brahmin Pandit asked that why he was not wearing a Janevu. The minister replied that he was not a Brahmin. The Brahmin Pandit then asked him to sit outside as non-Brahmins were not allowed to participate in the ceremony. Even though he was a cabinet minister he was not permitted to participate in this ceremony. This minister was greatly disturbed. He took his ve­hicle and started to leave. His wife came to him and said that he should have listened to her advice. He shouldn't have come. She said to him to go back home. She would come later. The Hindu beliefs say that the wife shouldn't stay at the place where her husband is insulted. But this cabinet minister's Brahmins wife said that she would remain for the ceremony and come later. Did he get respect even though he was a cabinet minister? The Dharmashastras belong to the Brahmins. The Dharmashastras give importance to Brahmins only. When we oppose the Brahmins people say that a few Brahmins are good. We should not forget what Babasaheb had said. He had said that, "Priestly Brahmins and the Secular Brahmins are two arms of the same body". There is no difference between them. 

Now we have an opportunity If we pro­test in India then through BAMCEF International Network our protest will be heard by the whole world. But we have to raise our voice of protest here in India. Our responsibility has increased. Earlier the world was unaware of our protests but now our brothers-sisters are working in all corners of the world. We should tell the OBCs that Babasaheb had resigned for their cause. Babasaheb had fought to secure the right of Reservation to the OBCs. Not only this, a Com­mission was set up on the insistence of Babasaheb. Nehru had appointed Kalelkar to this commission. Kalelkar was a Brahmin by caste and a Gandhiwadi as well. He was one of Gandhi's favorite activists. Kalelkar said that the Kunbees, Malis, Telis etc i.e. OBCs are not poor and they do not need Reservation. These castes cannot be given reservation, he said. Babasaheb had made a provision to provide for Reservations to the OBCs and had even re­signed for the cause of the OBCs. It was Gandhi who sabotaged all our rights. Kalelkar was Gandhi's man. Before Kalelkar went to Satara for Commission's work he wrote a letter to the Collector of Satara in which he wrote, "I am a Brahmin and will eat the food cooked by a Brah­min. I will not eat the food cooked by any other ordinary person." And this Kalelkar was going to write a report on whether the OBCs are poor or not. Kalelkar opposed us as he was a Gandhiwadi. We should place this entire his­tory in front of our people. I know of one way to join people i.e. join people to BAMCEF. If people join BAMCEF they will keep away from Casteism. Through BAMCEF we can destroy Casteism and Brahminism. We can win Free­dom."

Thanking all and giving the slogan, "lets work in BAMCEF, lets march towards Freedom", Mr. Hari Bhau Narke concluded his speech. 

National Issues and Speeches
 
Subject: "The burning problem of the Mulnivasi Bahujan and the need to create nationwide Movement". We are going to transform the slogan, 'Freedom in a Rupee' into a mass movement. This shall be a People's Campaign. 
-Mr. Waman Meshram

'Addressing the people gathered in the convention in the inauguration session, Mr. Waman Meshram said in his presidential speech, "It was decided to generate about one corer and one lakh rupees for the creation of nationwide movement. But you have generated only 35 lakh rupees. On one hand I want to thank you for this. But on the other hand I want to warn you that there are those people who have cores of unaccounted black money. If you want to fight with such people who have corers of rupees, then this war cannot be won by only contributing a few lakh rupees. Though I thank you for contributing this much but I want to warn you that with these resources we cannot run our movement. Therefore from 16th April to the end of September we shall organize programmes in about 100 centers covering 500 districts in which you will have to contribute a minimum of 1 lakh to a maximum of 5 lakhes rupees to compensate for this backlog. Accord­ingly we have made a plan and we shall try to implement it. 

I wish to give you information on a very important subject. The subject is, "The burning problem of the Mulnivasi Bahujan and the need to create nationwide Movement". To under­stand the burning problem of the Mulnivasi Bahujan we have to delve into history. 

Jotirao Phule started the freedom struggle of the Mulnivasi Bahujan in modern In­dia in 1848. Gandhi was not even born then. Jotirao Phule was 21 years of age at that time. Gandhi was born in 1869; 21 years after Jotirao Phule started his movement. Jotirao's move­ment was a movement for our independence and liberation. But Gandhi was running his movement for the Brahmins and the higher castes; to free them. The mutiny of 1857 is said to be started by Mangal Pandey. Mangal Pandey was a Brahmin by caste and he revolted only because the Brahmins were the slaves of the British. That is why the Brahmins started their freedom struggle. Jotirao Phule had started a movement for our liberation because the Brah­mins had made us their slaves. We were not directly the slaves of the British but we were the slaves of the Brahmins. Even when the Brahmins were free we still were the slaves of these Brahmins. The Brahmins were the slaves of the British but we were slaves of the Brah­mins. That means we were slaves of the slaves. Jotirao Phule started his movement to liberate the slaves of the slaves. We want to write his­tory in a new way using a new approach. We shall organize a seminar on history very soon. All definitions and analyses will have to be re­written. 

Jotirao Phule had started a movement to free the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj from their slavery to the Brahmins. It was a freedom struggle of the Mulnivasi Bahujan Samaj. The history written by the Brahmins tells us that Jotirao Phule never fought against the British. The fight against the Britishers was a freedom movement for the Brahmins alone. Definitely Jotirao Phule was not fighting against the Brit­ish for the freedom of the Brahmins. In fact he was fighting for our independence. 
The historical documents prove that Jotirao Phule used to say that the Shudras and the AtiShudras have a chance of obtaining their freedom from the Brahmins only till the time the British remain in India. And they should use this chance as early as possible. 
The movement run by Jotirao Phule till 1890 was a regional movement. Even when Savitrimai Phule carried this movement forward; it was a regional movement. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj carried this movement forward through Bhaskarrao Jadhav. Why did Chhatrapati Shahu feel the need to run this movement even when he was a king himself? It was because even for Shahu. Maharaj the Brahmins recited the Mantras meant for the Shudras. The mantras to be recited during the pooja are different for the Shudras and the Brahmins. Shahu Maharaj protested against this. But the Brahmins in­sisted that only the mantras meant for the Shudras will be recited. But Shahu Maharaj opposed this by saying that his forefather was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj who was given the status of a Kshattriya and as he was the de­scendant of Shivaji Maharaj he too was a Kshattriya. Brahmins retorted by saying that they had given a temporary concession to Shivaji Maharaj and his descendants will not benefit from that past concession given to a forefather. The descendants therefore will not be considered as Kshattriyas. Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj therefore had to run this move­ment because the Brahmins considered him as a Shudra. This movement was a regional movement. When Babasaheb assumed lead­ership of this movement he swore that he shall transform this movement into a nationwide movement. It took Babasaheb 26 years to do this. He called a convention of the Scheduled Castes Federation on 1819 July 1942 in Nagpur. In this convention 50000 men and 25000 women participated from all over the country. In that convention Babasaheb gave the message that our struggle was not for power or pelf but for independence. However this does not mean that our people do not want power or pelf. Our people should want it. But some people want power and pelf at the cost of indepen­dence. They want to compromise with their freedom to gain power and pelf. They want to compromise with their self respect. After Babasaheb's demise the leaders compromised freedom and self respect to get power and pelf. They got power but with power they also got despair and slavery. We do not know how many people actually understood the significance of the convention of the Scheduled Castes Fed­eration held in Nagpur in 1942. But this con­vention left a deep impact on one person. This person was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Immediately on the 9th of August after Babasaheb had transformed his movement into a national movement, Gandhi launched "Quit India Movement" from Bombay, only three weeks after the SCF convention. He asked the British to Quit India. One more event which is important is that on 9th August 1942 on Singapore Radio, Subhash Chandra Bose gave a slogan," Give me blood and I will give you Free­dom". Subhash Chandra Bose knew that the British are not going to listen to Gandhi's so called Ahimsa and that is why he exhorted "Azad Hind Sena", the army that he had formed to march to Delhi. To obtain Freedom it was necessary to fight and to shed blood, thought Subhash Chandra Bose. We have to under­stand a historical event the convention of the Congress party held in Tripura. Gandhi's can­didate was Pattabhi Sittaramaiya whom he had nominated to stand in the election for the seat of the president of the Congress party. People thought who would dare to put up a candidate against the candidate that Gandhi had put up. But Subhash Chandra Bose himself stood up to fight against the candidate put up by Gandhi and won the election. When Subhash Chandra Bose assumed the President ship of the Con­gress Party and began work he was so dis­turbed from doing his work properly that he had to resign from the President ship. Not only did he resign from the Presidentship he also re­signed the primary membership of the Congress party. Afterwards he formed a new orga­nization called as the " Forward Bloc". This im­plied that the Congress party was a backward bloc. It also implied that Congress was a casteist party, a sanatani party. The question is why did Gandhi disturb and trouble Subhash Chandra Bose in his work as president of the Congress party? Because Subhash Chandra Bose was a Kayastha and Kayastha's are Shudras in the VarnaVyavastha. For e.g. Balasaheb Thackeray, a Kayastha. Balasaheb Thackeray's father was Keshav Sitaram Thackeray who was involved in the movement of the Shudras and the atiShudras. The Maharashtrian Shudras and the atiShudras gave him the title of 'Prabodhankar'. Prabodhankar means the one who awakens and instructs. K.S. Thackeray knew that the Brahmins consider the Kayasthas as Shudras. In Shivaji's time the Brahmins used to oppose Shivaji but Kayasthas used to support him. The person sent by Shivaji to Benares to meet Gagabhatt was not a Brahmin but a Kayastha. Gandhi meted out such treatment to Subhash Chandra Bose because Subhash Chandra Bose was a Kayastha. Babasaheb Ambedkar was an atiShudra in this Varna Vyavastha. Thus an AtiShudra launched a nationwide movement and a Shudra gave a call to march to Delhi. Gandhi thought that if his freedom struggle were to slip towards these two different movements then the whole movement will go into the hands of the Shudras. In such a situ­ation what will become of us in free India thought Gandhi. 

What Babasaheb said in the Scheduled Castes Convention made a deep impact on Gandhi and immediately on the 9th of August he launched "Quit India Movement". For this movement he coined a new Slogan i.e. 'Do or Die'. Gandhi had sacrificed his Ahimsa. Gandhi thought if he didn't take an initiative everything would be lost and the matter would become topsy-turvy. Gandhi thus abandoned the road of Ahimsa and instead gave the slogan of "Do or Die". Babasaheb wrote an article in Janata which said," It is good that the person in the Mahatma remained whilst the Mahatma died". When Gandhi used to chant "Ahimsa Ahimsa", people used to say he is such a Mahatma. This was Babasaheb's reaction after Gandhi gave the slogan of "Do or Die". We should analyze history in this context. 

When Babasaheb ran his movement he analyzed that his movement comprised of the Scheduled Castes only. The freedom struggle would not succeed only on the strength of this section of people. When he got an opportunity he devised a strategy to broaden the social base of his movement. He also tried to awaken the backward classes and join them to his movement. Not only did he try to transform the movement into a nationwide movement, he even tried to make it more broad base. 

Afterwards he went to Bengal to get him­self elected to the Constituent Assembly. The Congressmen defeated Babasaheb twice in Maharashtra. Those who hail Congress do not know history. Congress put up a 'seventh stan­dard pass' candidate against Babasaheb and this candidate defeated Babasaheb. Also in Bhandara the Congress put up a nonmatric candidate named Borkar against Babasaheb and defeated him. The people of Bengal from the districts of Jassur, Barishal, Khulna and Faridpur elected Babasaheb to the Constituent Assembly. Gandhi had made an announcement through the Congress party that for Babasaheb not only the doors but also the windows of the Constituent Assembly would be closed. In spite of this the people of Bengal elected Babasaheb to the Constituent Assembly. That is why Gandhi and Congress gave away these districts to Pa­kistan to inflict punishment on these people. In­deed how great was Gandhi! Congress had to compromise with Babasaheb because of the nationwide movement that he had created. They had to make him the chairman of the Draft­ing Committee. This was not any favor be­stowed on him. The question is where is the nationwide movement that Babasaheb built and with the help of which Babasaheb was able to give us constitutional rights. Those who as­sumed the leadership of the movement after Babasaheb were bought by the Congress with the help of money and party ticket. These lead­ers dissolved this movement into the Congress Party. In this way the Congress was able to destroy this movement. There is one more rea­son for the destruction and demolition of this movement. Congress and Gandhi used the Poona Pact to destroy and demolish this self-respecting, self reliant and independent move­ment. Babasaheb had launched a "JailBharo" movement to protest against the Poona Pact in 1946. Master Mansingh who went to jail in that movement is present here on this occasion. R. R. Bhole under whose leadership this move­ment was run later joined the Congress party. He too was great ! 

In 1954 the working committee of the Scheduled Castes Federation passed a reso­lution. Babasaheb himself has written that the political reservation should be terminated. Those Buddhists who went to the Bombay High Court to beg for Political Reservation should read the resolution passed by the SCF in Nashik in 1954. Babasaheb said that our leaders open their mouths in Parliament only to yawn and for noth­ing else. If yawning was not a natural activity then these so called leaders wouldn't have yawned even! Haribhau Narke has published some volumes in Marathi in which Babasaheb calls those who get elected through Political reservation as "Gadhe( Donkeys or asses)". This means that Babasaheb wanted to end this Political Reservation. Gandhi and Congress used this political reservation to destroy our self-respecting, self reliant and independent nation wide movement. Our people considered those who get elected through the reserved seats as their leaders and representatives. Babasaheb called those who got elected through the re­served seats as agents but our people ac­cepted these people as leaders. Our people thought there was no need of running a sepa­rate movement as they had their leaders elected through political reservation. Thus people with­drew their support from the movement and went after the so called leaders. Consequently the Nationwide movement was destroyed. After the destruction of our nationwide movement the enemy started to encroach upon our rights by implementing the policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization. We got our rights because of our forefathers who fought a long struggle of 108 years. Have we given a thought to this struggle of 108 years? Will this struggle just vanish into thin air? BJP and Congress both started this programme of Privatization. This programme is intended to end all our constitu­tional rights. In ancient times Manusmriti was used to deprive us of our rights. LPG is the Manusmriti of the present times. Our rights are being terminated in front of our eyes as we have no movement to resist it. The so called leaders who had been given this responsibility are them­selves involved in this programme of implemen­tation of LPG. This proves that they are not our real representatives. In this way neither there is any movement to oppose LPG nor are these so called leaders willing to stand in your support. Thus we have no alternative other than watching this Tamasha. But if we wish to resist in the future, then there is only one alternative through which we can do so, that alternative is to create a Nationwide Movement. Our forefa­thers created a Nationwide movement but Gandhi and Congress destroyed it. If we wish to retain and get constitutional rights, if we wish to start a freedom struggle then we must make preparations. 
To create a nationwide movement BAMCEF has drafted a 10 point programme. I shall tell you about the programme in brief. First of all we wish to do Geographical Networking. Our people live in 35 states. We planned to spread our organizational network in 26 states. Out of the 602 districts we shall create a net­work in 502 districts. Out of the 5500 tehsils we plan to network 5000 tehsils. Also we shall make a network in 50000 blocks out of 55000 blocks. We shall build a vast geographical net­work in 600000 villages. This is a time bound programme and shall end in 2009. The other programme is social networking. To enforce slavery on us the Brahmins divided us into 6000 castes. Thus we have no resistance power. If we wish to destroy these 6000 castes then we have to join them together. The third programme is to create a media of propaga­tion in all the regional languages. The print media, vocal media, traditional media and the electronic media are in the hands of the Brah­mins. We need to have a media of our own. The fourth programme is to create a Human Resources and Development Institute. If we need to seriously run this movement then we need trained human resources. 

For this we intend to buy 60 acres of land in Central India in Nagpur where the sylla­bus of the movement shall be taught. Those trained in this institute shall work for the move­ment on the field. 

For the movement to succeed women who comprise 50% of our population cannot be left out. We have designed a 4 point programme to prepare the women for our movement. First we will awaken them and then train them to make them cadres. Then we shall give them representation. Leadership will emerge from those who will represent. We con­ducted this four point programme implement­ing it first from Bombay and we tested this programme in Gandhinagar. The results were there to see in Agra and the Convention was very successful. We are applying the same methods all over India. The sixth programme is to work towards creating an international opin­ion in favour of us. For this we started to establish an international network. The English had imprisoned Nelson Mandela for 28 long years. South Africa became free; it was only because of the international opinion which was in their favour. The international opinion should favour us if we want to achieve freedom. By the end of 2009 this network should reach atleast 100 countries. The seventh programme is to orga­nize smallbig programmes all over India. The eighth programme is to create a nationwide or­ganization capable of launching a nationwide mass agitation after 2009. Neither freedom can be won by begging nor can it be won by forming political coalitions. Freedom cannot be got even by contesting elections. Most people are resort­ing to these three methods. But we are planning a fourth method because we know resort­ing to these three methods will not achieve Free­dom. The fourth way is to build a mass move­ment. Freedom can be achieved only through mass movement. We have planned to mobi­lize 315 corers people. If the organizational network is spread to 5000 tehsils and if we mobilize 6000 people from each tehsil then we shall be able to mobilize 5000x6000=30000000 people. If one family consists of five members then 30000000x5=150000000 people will agi­tate on the streets. Gandhi was able to mobi­lize only 1 corer people but still the English quit India. As our enemies are more treacherous and rogues we have planned to mobilize 15000000 people. We shall need more strength and there­fore a huge mass movement will have to be built. But to build such a huge movement we shall need enormous funds. We have devised a con­cept of Nation-Wide Movement Creation Fund". We collect funds on the occasion of every Na­tional and State convention. Also we receive funds from every small or big programme that we organize. Mr. S. K. Biswas told us that M. N. Roy received 2 corer rupees. 2 corer ru­pees in those times are equivalent to 2000 corer rupees today. But we have developed a tech­nique of doing maximum work in minimum re­sources i.e. work of 10 rupees in 1 rupee. The fund that we collect is the fund of the Central unit. But our activists themselves spend a lot on the field from their own pockets. They use scoot­ers and four wheelers in the field for organiza­tional work. We never give them a single rupee from the Central fund. Thus our activists and our sympathizers actually spend corers of ru­pees on organizational work from their own pockets. We will also generate "1 rupee per day" fund, i.e. 365 rupees in 365 days. Subhash Chandra Bose had said," Give me blood and I shall give you freedom". If I say the same you shall all run away. So I say, "Freedom in a Rupee ". We are going to transform this movement into a mass movement. This will be a people's campaign. The people will drive it by contribut­ing a rupee each day to this movement. If we succeed to do this there will not be any dearth of resources. I appeal to all the activists who have come from different states, tehsils and blocks to drive this people's campaign in their respective regions to transform this movement into a mass movement." 





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