Challenges Illuminati
By Henry Makow PhD
6-30-7
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Illuminati
The Illuminati (plural of Latin illuminatus, "enlightened") is a name given to several groups, both real (historical) and fictitious. Historically the name refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, anEnlightenment-era secret society founded on May 1, 1776.
Since the publication of Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson's postmodern science fiction workThe Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975-7) the name has been used to refer to a purported conspiratorial organization that masterminds events and controls world affairs through governments andcorporations to establish a New World Order. In this context the Illuminati are usually represented as a modern version or continuation of the Bavarian Illuminati.
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History
The movement was founded on May 1, 1776, in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria) as the Order of the Illuminati, with an initial membership of five,[1]by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 1830),[2] who was the first lay professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt.[3] It was made up offreethinkers as an offshoot of the Enlightenment and seems to have been modeled on the Freemasons.[4] The Illuminati's members took a vow of secrecy and pledged obedience to their superiors. Members were divided into three main classes, each with several degrees, and many Illuminati chapters drew membership from existing Masonic lodges.
Originally Weishaupt had planned the order to be named the "Perfectibilists".[1] The group has also been called the Bavarian Illuminati and its ideology has been called "Illuminism". Many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, includingFerdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack, the second-in-command of the order.[5] The order had branches in most European countries: it reportedly had around 2,000 members over the span of ten years.[3] It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar.
In 1777 Karl Theodor became ruler of Bavaria. He was a proponent of Enlightened Despotism and his government banned all secret societiesincluding the Illuminati. Internal rupture and panic over succession preceded its downfall, which was affected by the Secular Edict made by the Bavarian government.[3] The March 2, 1785 edict "seems to have been deathblow to the Illuminati in Bavaria." Weishaupt had fled and documents and internal correspondences, seized in 1786 and 1787, were subsequently published by the government in 1787.[6] Von Zwack's home was searched to disclose much of the group's literature.[5]
Barruel and Robison
Between 1797 and 1798 Augustin Barruel's Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism and John Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy both publicized the theory that the Illuminati had survived and represented an ongoing international conspiracy, including the claim that it was behind the French Revolution. Both books proved to be very popular, spurring reprints and paraphrases by others[7] (a prime example isProofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, Of Illuminism by Reverend Seth Payson, published in 1802).[8] Some response was critical, such as Jean-Joseph Mounier's On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-Masons, and to the Illuminati on the Revolution of France.[citation needed]
Robison and Barruel's works made their way to the United States. Across New England, Reverend Jedidiah Morse and others sermonized against the Illuminati, their sermons were printed, and the matter followed in newspapers. The concern died down in the first decade of the 1800s, though had some revival during the Anti-Masonic movement of the 1820s and 30s.[1]
Modern Illuminati
In addition to the supposed shadowy and secret organization, several modern fraternal groups claim to be the "heirs" of the Bavarian Illuminati and have openly used the name "Illuminati" in founding their own rites. Some, such as the multiple groups that call themselves by some variation on "The Illuminati Order",[9][10] use the name directly in the name of their organization, while others, such as the Ordo Templi Orientis, use the name as a grade of initiation within their organization.
Modern conspiracy theory
Interest in the Illuminati and the assertions that it exists today began after the publication of The Illuminatus! Trilogy,[11] a postmodernscience fiction work whose plot prominently featured an Illuminati plot to rule the world. Writers such as Mark Dice,[12] David Icke, Texe Marrs, Ryan Burke, Jüri Lina and Morgan Gricar have argued that the Bavarian Illuminati survived, possibly to this day. Many of these theories propose that world events are being controlled and manipulated by a secret society calling itself the Illuminati.[13][14] Conspiracy theoristshave claimed that many notable people were or are members of the Illuminati. Presidents of the United States are a common target for such claims.[15][16]
A key figure in the conspiracy theory movement, Myron Fagan, devoted his latter years to finding evidence that a variety of historical events from Waterloo, The French Revolution, President John F. Kennedy's assassination and an alleged communist plot to hasten the New World Order by infiltrating the Hollywood film industry, were all orchestrated by the Illuminati.[17][18]
Popular culture
John Coleman in "Targets of the Illuminati and the Committee of 300[19] " asserts that the Illuminati's intentions include:[20][21]
- The establishment of a One World Government with a unified church and monetary system.
- Further advancement of ideas through mind control.
- Legalization & encouragement of the use of drugs and pornography.
- Suppression of all scientific advancement unless they considered it acceptable to their aims.
- To cause a total collapse of the world's economies and engender total political chaos.
- To take control of all Foreign and domestic policies of the United States.
- To keep people everywhere from deciding their own destinies by means of one created crisis after another and then managing such crises.
- To weaken the (moral fiber) of the nation and to demoralize workers in the (labor class) by creating mass unemployment.
- The utter destruction of all national identity and national pride.
- Fracturing of the nuclear family by encouraging teenagers to rebel.
- Use and promotion of rock music to facilitate this rebellion which include rock gangsters such as the Rolling Stones.
- The destruction of religions.
- An end to all industrialization and the production of nuclear generated electric power in what they call "The Post-Industrial Zero-Growth Society".
- Penetrate and subvert all governments, and work from within them to destroy the sovereign integrity of nations represented by them.
- Organize a world-wide terrorist apparatus and negotiate with terrorists whenever terrorist activities take place.
- Take control of education in America with the intent and purpose of utterly and completely destroying it.
- To press for the spread of religious cults such as the Moslem Brotherhood, Moslem fundamentalism, the Sikhs, and to carry out experiments of the Jim Jones and Son of Sam type of murders.
- To export "religious liberation" ideas around the world so as to undermine all existing religions but more especially the Christian religion.
- Depopulation of large cities according to the trial run carried out by the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. Pol Pot's (genocidal plans) were drawn up in the United States by one of the Club of Rome's research foundations.
- To give the fullest support to supranational institutions such as the United Nations (UN), The International Monetary Fund (IMF), The Bank of International Settlements (BIS), The World Court and, as far as possible, make local institutions of lesser effect by gradually phasing them out or bringing them under the mantle of the United Nations.
- Cause by means of limited wars in the advanced countries, and by means of starvation and diseases in Third World countries, the death of 3 billion people by the year 2000 & the population of the United States is to be reduced by 100 million by the year 2050. The Committee of 300 commissioned Cyrus Vance to write a paper on this subject of how best to bring about such genocide. The paper was produced under the title the "Global 2000 Report" and was accepted and approved for action by President Carter, for and on behalf of the U.S. Government, and accepted by Edwin Muskie, then Secretary of State, Under the terms of the (Global 2000 Report).
References
- ^ a b c Stauffer, Vernon (1918). New England and the Bavarian Illuminati. NY: Columbia University Press. pp. 133–134.OCLC 2342764. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Stauffer, p. 129.
- ^ a b c McKeown, Trevor W. (16 February 2009). "A Bavarian Illuminati Primer". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. & A.M.. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Goeringer, Conrad (2008). "The Enlightenment, Freemasonry, and The Illuminati". American Atheists. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ a b Introvigne, Massimo (2005). "Angels & Demons from the Book to the Movie FAQ - Do the Illuminati Really Exist?". Center for Studies on New Religions. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Roberts, J.M. (1974). The Mythology of Secret Societies. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 128–129. ISBN 9780684129044.
- ^ Simpson, David (1993). Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt Against Theory. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-75945-8.88.
- ^ Payson, Seth (1802). Proofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, Of Illuminism. Charlestown: Samuel Etheridge. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ "The Illuminati Order Homepage". Illuminati-order.com. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ "Official website of The Illuminati Order". Illuminati-order.org. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ Robert Shea, The Illuminatus! Trilogy, 1983. ISBN 0440539811
- ^ Sykes, Leslie (17 May 2009). "Angels & Demons Causing Serious Controversy". KFSN-TV/ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Barkun, Michael (2003). A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.ISBN 978-0520238053.
- ^ Penre, Wes (26 September 2009). "The Secret Order of the Illuminati (A Brief History of the Shadow Government)". Illuminati News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ Howard, Robert (28 September 2001). "United States Presidents and The Illuminati / Masonic Power Structure". Hard Truth/Wake Up America. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ "The Barack Obama Illuminati Connection". The Best of Rush Limbaugh Featured Sites. 1 August 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
- ^ Mark Dice, The Illuminati: Facts & Fiction, 2009. ISBN 0967346657
- ^ Myron Fagan, The Council on Foreign Relations,. Council On Foreign Relations By Myron Fagan
- ^ John Coleman, The Conspirators Hierarchy: The Committee of 300, 1997. ISBN 0963401947
- ^ John Colemanhttp://www.stkpula.hr/dragotadic/dodaci/knjige/committee_300.pdf
- ^ 21 Goals of the Illuminati.
Other Reading
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- Engel, Leopold (1906) (in German). Geschichte des Illuminaten-ordens. Berlin: Hugo Bermühler verlag. OCLC 560422365.
- Gordon, Alexander (1911). "Illuminati". In Hugh Chisholm. Encyclopædia Britannica. 14 (11 ed.). NY: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
- Le Forestier, René (1914) (in French). Les Illuminés de Bavière et la franc-maçonnerie allemande. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie.OCLC 493941226.
- Markner, Reinhold; Neugebauer-Wölk, Monika; Schüttler, Hermann, eds (2005) (in German). Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens. Bd. 1, 1776–81. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. ISBN 3-484-10881-9.
- Melanson, Terry (2009). Perfectibilists: The 18th Century Bavarian Order of the Illuminati. Walterville, Oregon: Trine Day. OCLC 182733051.
- Mounier, Jean-Joseph (1801). On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-Masons, and to the Illuminati on the Revolution of France. Trans. J. Walker. London: W. and C. Spilsbury. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- Robison, John (1798). Proofs of a Conspiracy Against All the Religions and Governments of Europe, Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Free Masons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies (3 ed.). London: T. Cadell, Jr. and W. Davies. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- Utt, Walter C. (1979). "Illuminating the Illuminati". Liberty (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association) 74 (3, May–June): 16–19, 26–28. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
- Burns, James; Utt, Walter C. (1980). "Further Illumination: Burns Challenges Utt and Utt Responds". Liberty (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Association) 75 (2, March–April): 21–23. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
- Coleman, John (1997). Committee of 300.pdf. London: Global Insights Publications, 4th edition. pp. 15–18.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Illuminati |
- Gruber, Hermann (1910). "Illuminati". The Catholic Encyclopedia. 7. NY: Robert Appleton Company. pp. 661–663. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
- Melanson, Terry (5 August 2005). "Illuminati Conspiracy Part One: A Precise Exegesis on the Available Evidence". Conspiracy Archive. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article inGerman Wikipedia. (February 2010) |
Dawn of time to 1000 C.E. Alpha and Omega -- Immanentizing of the Eschaton. 20,000,000 B.C.E. -- Recent Epoch of geology begins; Ice Age ends; human beings spread to all parts of the world. 30,000 -- First Illuminatus, Gruad, rules in mythical Atlantis. 20,000 -- Mythical Lloigor inhabit continent of Mu. 10,000 -- Approximate beginning of agriculture. Estimated date of inscriptions on stone disks by the Dropa tribe, a diminutive people of the Bayan-Kara-Ula Mountains on the border of China and Tibet; disks describe how the tribe came to earth in flying machines; ancient Dropa graves contain human remains with huge heads and small bodies. Earliest estimated date of carving of the Crystal Skull found at Lubaantun in the Yucatan. Fictional Hyborian Age in Europe. 9,000 to 10,000 -- Supposed date of Plato's Atlantis. 6,000 -- Picture-writing develops. 5,000 -- First alphabet begins to develop. 4,000 -- Approximate date of discovery of metals, beginning of cities, constellations of stars first recorded. Egyptians begin placing small pieces of crystal on the forehead of deceased prior to mummification. 3,000 -- Approximate date of building of the Sphinx and Great Pyramid at Giza and other pyramids elsewhere in Egypt. Indus Valley civilization develops complex government, writing, and well planned cities. Minoan civilization flourishes in Crete. Earliest parts of the Bible written. Beginning date of Olmec calendar from Central America: 3113 B.C.E. Trephination (cutting a hole in the skull) practiced by people all over the world. 2,500 -- Sarmoung Brotherhood of Babylonia flourish according to Gurdjieff. 2,100 -- Egyptians record star configurations (decans) on which the 24 hour day is based. 2,000 -- Stonehenge and other stone circles built in England. 1,800 -- Huge Silbury Mound constructed near Stonehenge. 1,700 -- Babylonian Enuma Anu Enlil, early roots of astrology based on celestial phenomena. 1,500 -- Approximate date of the destruction of Thera, on which Atlantis legends are probably based. Early references to Mithraism on cuneiform astronomical texts. Quadrants of the moon recorded in China. 1,360 -- Akhenaton's monotheistic sun worship in Egypt. 1,344 -- Tutankhamun, Akhenaton's successor who revived polytheism, buried at Thebes; curse reading "Death comes on swift wings to he who opens this tomb," written on tomb doorway. 1,300 -- Approximate date I Ching written in China. 1,184 -- End of the Trojan War, Illium falls to the Greeks. 1,000 to 2,000 -- Legendary Thule civilization in the Gobi region destroyed by a catastrophe, "possibly of an atomic nature," survivors migrating to Agarthi and Schamballah. 1,000 -- Huge Sacrificial Table built at Mystery Hill near North Salem, New Hampshire. 950 -- Approximate date of building of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, traditional origin of the Masonic fraternity; alleged assassination of Temple master-mason Hiram for refusing to reveal masonic secrets. 900 -- Approximate time settlers from Europe and the Middle East established colonies in North America. 800 -- Twenty-eight "moon stations" in monthly lunar cycle recognized in Babylonia, India, and China. 753 -- Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus. 700 -- Jordanian city of Petra is carved out of sandstone by unknown culture. 600 -- Approximate beginning of money with first coins in Lydia. 575 -- Nebuchadnezzar completes building Tower of Babel in Babylon. 500 to 600 -- Time of Buddha, Lao Tse, Confucius, Zarathustra, Orpheus, Pythagoras, Zachariah, and Daniel--an Illuminated century. 500 -- Sun Tzu's treatise The Art of War, first intelligence manual. 485 -- Execution of Spurius Cassius in Rome. 450 -- Development of the 12 constellations of the zodiac in Mesopotamia, recognizing the importance of the plane of the elliptic through which the sun, moon, and planets move. 440 -- Assassination of Spurius Maelius. 400 -- Druidism in England. Astrological ideas from Enuma Anu Enliltransmitted to India. 390 -- Approximate date Plato's The Republic written, featuring such Illuminoid images as the Philosopher Kings, the Divided Line, and the parable of the Cave. 355 -- Plato's Timaios and Kritias, earliest accounts of Atlantis. 300 -- Invention of Mayan calendar in Yucatan, based on advanced astronomy. Fabius family of Rome reaches its greatest heights. 275 -- Approximate date Greek poet Aratus makes first systematic record of star constellations in Phaenomena. 273 to 232 -- Rule of Asoka, king of India who allegedly founded the Nine Unknown. 212 -- Archimedes uses burning-glass to set fire to Roman fleet at Syracuse, early use of lens as weapon. 133 -- Land reformer Tiberius Gracchus murdered and hundreds of his followers killed by followers of powerful Roman patricians; death of Scripio Africanus the younger a few years later. 121 -- Gaius Gracchus and 3000 of his followers massacred by patricians. 100 -- The Great Teacher of the Essenes. Essentials of modern astrology worked out. 95 -- Approximate date of assassination of Saturninus and Glaucia. 92 -- Assassination of Rutilius Rufus. 91 -- Assassination of Livius Drufus. 73 -- Revolt of the gladiators led by Spartacus. 44 -- Assassination of Julius Caesar. 4 -- Birth of Jesus of Nazareth, accompanied by various Illuminoid trappings: three early Men-In-Black disguised as the Wise Men; strange lights in the sky; miracles such as visits from angels, prophecy, and suspension of time are reported. 0 -- Carnation-Painted Eyebrows Society, Copper Horses, Iron Shins, and other secret societies active in China. C.E. 30 -- Assassination of the radical Jesus, allegedly on Illuminati orders; more Illuminoid trappings: an eclipse; an earthquake; visitors from the sky roll away the stone from the sepulcher and liberate the crucified Jesus. 100 -- Hero of Alexandria devises primitive steam-engine. 125 to 150 -- Simon Magus, Menander, Valentinus, and others develop Gnostic religious doctrines of esoteric knowledge (illumination). 135 -- Approximate date Ptolemy records 1,022 stars in Almagest; also recorded astrological ideas from Enuma Anu Enlil in his Apotelesmatika. 150 -- Roman Mithraism competes with Christianity. Yellow Turban Society subdues northern China, Triad cult formed in opposition. 200 -- First book of the Kabbalah, Sefer Yetzirah, compiled. 216 to 276 -- Life of Mani, the Illuminator, who founded Manichaeism, based on ideas from Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Gnosticism, etc. 325 -- Council of Nicaea in which Christian orthodoxy begins to rigidify. 400 -- Estimated date of carving of stone statues found on Easter Island. 500 -- Chinese use of gunpowder. 570 to 632 -- Life of Muhammad, founder of Islam. 670 -- Callinicus invents Greek Fire, primitive incendiary bomb. 673 to 735 -- Life of the Venerable Bede, the greatest scholar of Saxon England whose Ecclesiastical History of England (731) contained many occult and unexplained occurrences - an early Ambrose collection. 700 -- Sufi mysticism begins. 730 -- Fictitious Al Azif written in Damascus by Abdul Alhazred. 772 -- Charlemagne allegedly established Holy Secret Tribunal which becomes the Holy Vehm. 850 -- Ismaili and Fatimid missionaries throughout Islamic Empire preach revolution against the ruling Sunni order and 'Abbasid state. 900 -- Beginning of the Bogomils of Bulgaria, a Manichean sect, roots of Cathari. 909 -- First Fatimid caliph in Egypt. 920 to 1003 -- Life of Pope Sylvester II who allegedly visited the Nine Unknown in India. 950 -- Al Azif translated into Greek as Necronomicon. 1000 -- Approximate founding of Yazidi cult by sufi Shaikh Adi in Iraq. Abode of Learning active in Cairo. Spread of Cathari Manicheism throughout Europe. Leif Ericson explores North America. Part I: Dawn of Time to 1000 C.E. |
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